Is it possible to take blood and urine tests before menstruation?

• Is it possible to take a urine test during menstruation?
• How to take a urine test correctly
• Is it possible to take blood and urine tests before menstruation?

Is it possible to take a urine test during menstruation?

Taking a urine test is another way to conduct research and determine the presence of diseases in a woman’s body. The following types of urine tests are available:

To ensure that urine during menstruation is as sterile as possible, it must be collected only in a certain way. Otherwise, the result may be distorted.

How to take a urine test during your period

There is no clear answer to the question of whether it is possible to donate urine during menstruation. If deadlines are not pressing, then it is better to postpone this study until the end of menstruation, but if the results need to be obtained in the near future, then there are two ways to minimize the risk of unreliable results. It is best to donate urine during menstruation through a catheter inserted into the urinary canal. Only a specialist can do this. The procedure is quite unpleasant, but the resulting material will not be changed by external factors.

There are certain rules for taking a urine test so that the result is the most reliable.

• Before handing in the material, the woman needs to take a shower. To prevent the analysis result from being distorted, the use of antibacterial and disinfectants is prohibited.
• You need to take your first morning urine. The interval between trips to the toilet should be at least 4 hours. Before collecting material, it is necessary to insert a tampon to prevent blood and epithelium from getting into the material being donated.
• With one hand, you need to open the labia and wipe the skin around the urethra with a sterile cloth. It is important to wipe only from the pubis to the anus, and not otherwise. Otherwise, you can introduce bacteria into the vagina.
• The very first portion of urine should be skipped.
• Urine is collected and given only in a sterile container. Any other containers are strictly prohibited for collecting analysis.
• The average amount of collected material should be at least 40 ml.

What can menstruation affect when taking a urine test?

As a rule, menstruation can distort the results of the microscopic and chemical stages of the study. Menstrual blood may contaminate the test sample, causing false results.

First of all, menstruation can distort the physicochemical characteristics of the collected urine. A change in the color of urine may indicate the presence of diseases in a woman’s body. And blood that gets into the test material from the female genital tract can significantly change color. If the urine is dark in color rather than straw-colored, your doctor may suspect liver or gallbladder disease. And if the urine has a red tint, then you may have a disease such as glomerulonephritis.

Very often, when donating urine during menstruation, epithelium and red blood cells get into the material for research, which may indicate the presence of diseases. In addition, the urine becomes cloudy in the first days of the cycle. And in a healthy body, the norm is transparent test material.

When taking a blood test during menstruation, the doctor may suspect that the patient has diseases such as heart failure, diabetes, liver problems and nephrotic syndrome. As a rule, these results are false and are associated with an increase in the specific gravity of urine during menstruation.

In addition, the presence of epithelium in the urine during menstruation may lead the doctor to assume that there is a tumor in the body. In addition, epithelium in the urine can indicate diseases such as jaundice, fever, urolithiasis, chronic cystitis, drug intolerance and even bladder cancer.

In addition, the doctor may suspect the presence of bacteria in the urinary system. To exclude the presence of urethritis, cystitis or pyelonephritis, you will need to at least retake the test. Perhaps the doctor will prescribe a bacteriological test.

As a rule, when taking a test during menstruation, the number of leukocytes in the urine increases. An increase in this indicator may indicate inflammatory processes in the kidneys and urinary canal.

As a result, taking the test during menstruation can result in false positive results. To prevent this, it is better to wait until the end of menstruation.

Urinalysis is one of the methods of common laboratory testing, which is prescribed and carried out for the purpose of prevention, after an illness, before vaccination, during pregnancy, etc. It is used not only to diagnose kidney diseases, but also to check the functioning of other organs and systems.

Preparation for collecting biomaterial

To get the correct results, you need to know and remember how to take a urine test during menstruation. The procedure for collecting material for research requires careful preliminary preparation, as well as the consistency of the collection process itself. In another case, the doctor may recommend taking the test again or a false diagnosis will be made, which can lead to many complications from improper treatment.

Preparation and rules for collecting biomaterial are as follows:

• the morning portion of female urine is given;
• the middle part is collected (the first and last goes down the toilet);
• before the collection procedure itself, hygiene of the external genital organs should be carried out using clean running water without using soap or intimate hygiene gel;
• It is necessary to wash in the direction of the anus (from front to back);
• for collection you must use a clean pharmaceutical container;
• during the procedure itself, you should not touch the container with your genitals;
• 2-3 days before the test day, it is recommended to exclude coloring foods (beets, carrots);
• avoid drinking alcohol;
• temporarily stop taking antibacterial drugs and other medications;
• it is necessary to exclude the consumption of fatty and spicy foods;
• since physical activity can change the level of protein in urine, it is recommended to exclude it;
• do not take diuretics;
• drinking carbonated drinks can change the acidity of urine, so their consumption should also be limited;
• the biomaterial must be delivered to the laboratory within 2 hours.

Any errors in preparation can distort the picture, so it is important to take this seriously.

Is it possible to donate urine during menstruation and will such an analysis be reliable?

In a healthy woman of reproductive age, the duration of the menstrual cycle outside of pregnancy and lactation ranges from 21 to 35 days.

This means that bloody discharge from the genital tract is repeated at a certain interval, which persists, on average, from 3 to 6 days.

What should you do if you need to undergo a laboratory examination and is it possible to donate urine during menstruation and is there a risk of reducing the information content and reliability of the test results?

Urinalysis during menstruation

Diagnostic tests - whether instrumental or laboratory methods - require certain preparation requirements. This is necessary to get the correct results. If they are ignored, the data is distorted, which leads to erroneous conclusions about the patient’s condition.

Is it possible to get tested?

Menstruation involves the presence of discharge of varying degrees of intensity. They are a mixture of mucus and blood, tissue fragments - sometimes in quite large quantities.

If released into urine, these contaminants can confuse human eyes (important for manual microscopy techniques) and distort data for examinations set to standard sensitivity levels.

What can menstruation affect?

Distortion of the results is possible in relation to the following data:

IndicatorEvaluation methodHow it changes

If a patient, having donated urine during her period, does not inform the doctor about this, he may mistakenly regard the results as signs of kidney disease. Bacteria may appear in material that has been standing for a long time - as a result, the test for nitrites or other indicators of microbial contamination becomes positive, and the pH (acidity) changes.

When an exception is made

Laboratory tests are performed for patients as usual (planned) or urgently - if there is a serious threat to health and life, and the doctor urgently needs the results to formulate a diagnosis and management tactics for the patient. In the second case, menstruation should not be an obstacle to conducting a urine test - but only on the condition that:

1. This test can really make a difference under the circumstances.
2. The doctor is aware of menstruation (the situation is paradoxical, but probable - if we are not talking about the gynecology department, the woman may remain silent, and the doctors, in turn, may not clarify this fact).
3. Measures have been taken to ensure that as little blood as possible gets into the material.

Advice! In an urgent (that is, requiring urgent intervention) situation, bladder catheterization can be used. This is the introduction of a special thin tube into the urethra and obtaining material without blood impurities.

Preparation

In cases where the situation is not urgent, but the patient still intends to donate urine (for example, the analysis is urgently needed to complete any medical documents, there are strict time limits for free time), there is also a way out.

How to collect urine during menstruation

The main task when obtaining material is to prevent mucus and blood from getting into it. This can be achieved using devices such as:

• vaginal tampon;
• menstrual cup.

Attention! An important condition is the absence of any, including minor, mucous-bloody discharge. Even with the use of absorbent or collection devices, it is best to avoid testing on days of active bleeding.

It is also worth considering that patients who are not sexually active require small tampons, and cups are not suitable at all. Therefore it is necessary:

1. In the morning after a night's sleep, perform hygiene of the external genitalia.
2. Use wipes to remove excess moisture.
3. Insert a tampon into the vagina or insert a menstrual cup.
4. Make sure that there are no traces of blood left in the urethral area and that there is no leakage of discharge.
5. Release the first and third portions of urine into the toilet, and collect the middle portion between them in a clean, dry container (preferably a sterile pharmacy cup).

The marked container must be taken to the laboratory within 1-2 hours.

When can I get tested after menstruation?

To get the correct answer from the laboratory, it is worth collecting material only from the moment the bleeding completely stops. In some women they disappear on the third or fourth day, in others on the sixth or seventh day. Therefore, everything here is individual.

It must be remembered that immediately after the end of active menstruation, unexpected leakage of small portions of vaginal discharge is possible.

Women at this time may already refuse tampons or cups.

Therefore, when collecting urine, especially after a long stay in a lying or sitting position, you need to make sure that this does not happen - otherwise the sample of the material will be spoiled and unsuitable for analysis.

Specific tests

Urine as a biomaterial can be studied not only as part of a general analysis; it is also used for techniques:

• assessment of protein, glucose, creatinine, amylase levels;
• counting of formed elements (according to Nechiporenko);
• determination of the concentration function of the kidneys (according to Zimnitsky);
• Reberg's test;
• for hormones;
• for bacterial sowing

Regardless of the method, the sample should be free of foreign impurities. Of course, there is a possibility that the results, even with menstruation, will be close to reliable data. But it is no longer possible to objectively evaluate them. Therefore, if the patient is not sure that she will submit material to the laboratory that meets the requirements of the preparation rules, it is better to postpone the collection date.

Alternative tests

Is it possible to replace a urine test? Those indicators that are checked with its help (for example, the level of protein loss - that is, proteinuria or sediment in the form of salts, formed elements) cannot be assessed in any other way. However, tests performed using blood samples or other biomaterials appropriate to the type of disease can provide insight into the patient’s condition.

So, for example, the basic tests during examination in any hospital are:

1. General blood analysis.
2. Determination of glucose level.
3. Biochemical tests as indicated (for example, liver tests).

Of course, when the opportunity arises, their results should be supplemented with urine analysis data, if the doctor insists on this.

During menstruation, test strips are not used to assess protein or glucose levels. Research with their help can be carried out even at home, but it is better to postpone it until the discharge stops or use the previously described methods (insertion of a tampon, menstrual cup).

Source: https://UroMir.ru/diagnostika/issledovanija/analiz-mochi-vo-vremya-mesyachnyh.html

Urine analysis before critical days

Due to the fact that changes in the uterus and in the woman’s body itself begin a few days before the start of regulation, it is not recommended to take a urine test before menstruation. The sample may contain pieces of uterine tissue and a small amount of red blood cells. Even if you cannot see this with the naked eye, such indicators can distort the picture and cause an incorrect diagnosis.

In addition, there are circumstances when periods are irregular and it is not possible to clearly predict their onset and duration. Therefore, unless there is an emergency, it is better to take the test a few days after the end of your period.

Indicators in analyzes and menstruation

Quite often, women ask doctors at the antenatal clinic whether leukocytes increase before menstruation. The answer, naturally, will be positive. The menstrual cycle of the fair sex in terms of the level of changes in the hormonal system is not inferior to the period of pregnancy, so changes in blood tests, urine and vaginal discharge will be corresponding.

Women must understand the mechanism of many processes occurring in their body. Some fluctuations in indicators in the analyzes are possible and should not cause any particular concern.

Any young lady should undergo a preventive examination twice a year, including by a gynecologist. There, a woman will be able to receive complete and detailed advice about her health, including the behavior of the female body before menstruation.

What will lymphocytes be like during menstruation? Lymphocytes are types of white blood cells responsible for cellular and humoral immunity.

A general blood test, in which leukocytes and ESR increase, and anemia may appear. Urine examination allows us to establish.

At this stage, weakness may appear and the temperature may rise to a little more than 37 degrees. Leukocytes before menstruation: normal and pathological in the blood.

A blood test will show an increased number of leukocytes, as with any inflammation

In size, they are several times smaller than erythrocytes and leukocytes, as well. Do platelets increase during menstruation? No, theirs may rather happen.

Even more interesting:

Ulcer on the head in men photo

Tongue with rubella in children

Good afternoon, my hemoglobin is 85-95, the gynecologist says that I need to remove the IUD and put on Mirena and the hemoglobin will increase.

A general or biochemical blood test or some other test must be taken periodically. This is necessary in order to keep all blood parameters under control. Most often, the number of red blood cells, platelets and leukocytes is monitored. Plasma, which also contains a very large number of indicators important for the body’s vital functions, also comes under control.

Before taking a blood test, you need to remember some existing warnings or even prohibitions. In this article we will talk directly about examination during menstruation. At this time, the body itself experiences significant discomfort and one might even say shock. Some indicators rise and fall, and naturally the blood test will no longer show reliable information. There is no special prohibition on undergoing this procedure, it’s just that the permissible limits will be slightly different.

Urine analysis during menstruation

There are no contraindications for testing during menstruation, but it is best to seek advice from a doctor before conducting the test. The doctor may advise you to wait a few days and begin preliminary treatment of the underlying disease based on the collected medical history.

However, if there are serious symptoms such as frequent or painful urination, dizziness, swelling of the face, arms and legs, and shortness of breath, your doctor may insist that you be tested during this period in order to diagnose the underlying cause and begin treatment as quickly as possible. .

An increase in red blood cells in a urine test - the norm, reasons for the increase

Increased numbers of red blood cells in most cases indicate the development of a serious disease that can only be cured at an early stage.

Does an increase in red blood cells in the urine always mean the development of a disease?

The detected increased content of red blood cells in the urine often indicates the development of pathology. Designed to supply the body with oxygen and protect it from toxins, their significant increase in urine is often one of the important indicators indicating serious disturbances in the functioning of the body.

Normally, in an adult man and women, red blood cells in the urine should not exceed 2 units. But this does not mean that these indicators can be unchanged relative to the norm. In fact, their presence in urine is not necessary. In fact, in many healthy people they are not detected in the urine, and this is also normal.

For reference. It is worth knowing that an increase in red blood cells does not always mean the development of the disease. Their number may be increased for reasons unrelated to health.

Despite the fact that doctors primarily consider an increased number of red blood cells as a symptom indicating the development of the disease. An increased content of red blood cells in the urine can be caused by completely different reasons:

• Abuse of ascorbic acid;
• Frequent intake of highly concentrated sour juices;
• Heavy physical activity;
• Frequent consumption of food containing many spices and salt.

These reasons can provoke an increase in red blood cells in the urine, both in adults and children. Red blood cells in the urine can also become elevated if you take certain medications for a long time, in the form of sulfonamide or antibiotics.

Therefore, to ensure that the result is not erroneous, it is recommended that before taking the test, replace the medications with those that will not affect the content of red blood cells in the urine.

Sometimes even a healthy person may have increased red blood cells in the urine, but their excess is insignificant and is temporary.

What do elevated red blood cells mean?

Depending on how many of them were detected, the doctor first determines the type of hematuria:

• Microhematuria means that the increased content of red blood cells does not appear. that is, in the urine the color and transparency remain unchanged;
• Macrohematuria, it manifests itself in the color of urine, giving it a red or brown tint. When studying such an analysis, the identified red blood cells may not even be countable.

Gross hematuria is found more often in people over 40 years of age. In most cases, its appearance is accompanied not only by urine that has changed color, but also by pain in the areas where the inflammatory process occurs. There are 3 reasons, conditionally divided into types, for which macrohematuria develops:

Urine analysis for UIA - preparation and interpretation of indicators

For reference. It is worth knowing that the same symptoms of hematuria that appear in women and men may indicate the development of completely different diseases; the reasons for this difference lie in their anatomical and physiological characteristics.

So in women, increased red blood cells in the urine can mean:

• Injury to the bladder, kidneys;
• Uterine bleeding;
• Erosion of the cervix. In this case, increased red blood cells in the urine are detected due to the integrity of the blood vessels that occurs with this disease, as a result of which blood enters the urine during urination;
• Menstruation;
• Alcohol intoxication. In women, this type of poisoning can also cause hematuria.

In an adult male, elevated red blood cells are detected if:

• Bleeding in the urinary canal;
• Prostate cancer and malignant tumors in the urinary tract;
• Advanced type of urethritis;
• The man began to form polyps in his bladder and canal.

Despite these distinctive points, there are diseases that can manifest in any adult:

• Inflammation of the kidneys, the development of cancer in them, injuries;
• The proliferation of bacteria in the bladder, this occurs if there is constant stagnation of urine in it;
• Hemophilia. Due to poor clotting, blood can get into the urine in both women and men;
• Urolithiasis disease;
• Glomerulonephritis;
• Heart diseases;
• Acute viral diseases;
• Smallpox, fever.

How and why does an adult develop gross hematuria?

Regardless of whether macrohematuria develops in men or women, the symptoms in both cases are unchanged. There are 7 signs in total, each of which can indicate an excess of red blood cells in the urine in an adult:

1. Oligoanuria. A sharp decrease in the volume of daily urine or even its absence;
2. Fast fatiguability. Constant weakness, fatigue, decreased ability to work;
3. Shortness of breath;
4. Pain in the lumbar region, lower abdomen;
5. Frequent thirst;
6. Decreased appetite;
7. Vomiting, frequent nausea.

The cause of hematuria in an adult is tonsillitis. In this situation, you can reduce the likelihood of a significant increase in red blood cells only by regularly taking a urine test. But if the development of hematuria could not be avoided, then the doctor will review his treatment plan, making adjustments that will help reduce the number of red blood cells.

For reference. Although there are several types of symptoms indicating microhematuria, this does not mean that increased red blood cells in the urine are a disease. Microhematuria is only a symptom that should not be fought, but the disease that provokes its appearance should be identified.

There are many reasons for the appearance of hematuria, and they are all associated with the development of serious diseases. This means that you should not self-medicate, even if you know the exact diagnosis.

Since the treatment of hematuria in each case takes place according to an individual plan drawn up by a doctor depending on the identified disease.

This means that any self-medication can not only provoke gross hematuria, but also lead to an acute form of the disease itself, which provoked an increase in red blood cells.

Source: https://testanaliz.ru/eritrocity-v-moche-povysheny-prichiny-u-zhenshin

General urine analysis during menstruation

There are indications for urgent general urine and blood tests, such as:

• emergency admission to hospital;
• preparation for surgery;
• diseases requiring urgent treatment.

Menstruating women should use caution when collecting a urine sample. The vagina and urethra are anatomically located nearby, so during urination it is quite difficult to avoid the penetration of menstrual blood. Contamination of the sample will lead to a false positive result and may cause the doctor (if he is not knowledgeable about the menstrual cycle) to suspect serious problems in the genitourinary system.

The best way to avoid menstrual blood in the sample is to use tampons to block the vaginal opening. You can also use a clean cloth or cotton pad to collect urine. Also, such recommendations should be followed when taking a general urine test in the period between menstruation to prevent vaginal discharge from getting into the material.

Urine sampling with a catheter ensures 100% reliability of the study results. But this procedure must be performed strictly by a medical professional in a medical facility.

Is it possible to take other tests during menstruation?

During the end of the next menstrual cycle, many changes occur in a woman’s body. Frequent urination before menstruation can be caused by natural causes, but in some cases it indicates a pathological process.

If a woman is healthy, then the completion of the next menstrual cycle, as a rule, is not accompanied by significant discomfort.

Rejection of an unfertilized egg, peeling off the epithelium from the walls of the uterus and removing them from the body along with the blood, does not in any way affect the functioning of the kidneys and bladder.

A few days before the start of menstruation, a woman may, on the contrary, feel fluid retention in the body, accompanied by the appearance of slight swelling. This is due to the fact that changes in hormonal balance occur.

In some cases, frequent urination during or before menstruation is normal.

If this symptom is observed monthly, and no alarming symptoms are felt, then there is nothing to worry about: we are talking about the individual characteristics of the body. For those whose bodies are accustomed to constant physical activity, before menstruation, active elimination of excess fluid begins to prevent weight gain.

If such a symptom does not occur every menstruation or appears for the first time, then you should consult a doctor and undergo an examination to exclude a possible pathology.

Increased urination in the period before menstruation can occur for various reasons: both natural and pathological.

The first include:

• increasing fluid intake, especially in the evening, herbal teas and decoctions;
• high consumption of coffee, alcohol, beer (including soft drinks), carbonated drinks;
• taking medications that have a diuretic effect;
• hormonal changes in the body associated with natural physiological processes, for example, during menopause;
• hypothermia;
• severe nervous tension.

For some women, frequent urination is a symptom of premenstrual syndrome (PMS).

This syndrome manifests itself in each person with its own individual set of symptoms.

Sometimes PMS causes serious discomfort. In such cases, it would not be superfluous to consult a gynecologist. Many women experience:

• high irritability, nervousness, tearfulness;
• blood pressure surges;
• swelling and pain in the mammary glands;
• headache.

If such symptoms appear monthly, this is due to the body’s reaction to changes in hormonal balance that occur before the end of the next cycle.

Frequent urination when menstruation is late or before expected menstruation in some cases is a sign of pregnancy.

If, in addition to frequent urination, you are concerned about nausea, changes in olfactory and taste sensations, or high fatigue, then it is worth doing a test.

When it shows a negative result, it should be repeated after some time. If there is no pregnancy, then you need to consult a gynecologist.

An increased urge to empty the bladder and increased diuresis often accompany the use of weight loss medications, especially those containing senna. As a rule, information about the possibility of such a side effect can be found in the instructions for the drug.

In some cases, frequent urination before and during menstruation is not associated with any of the above factors. At the same time, the woman does not have any discomfort or alarming symptoms. This is a variant of the norm, its physiological feature.

If after the end of menstruation, diuresis returns to normal, then there is no cause for concern.

The period of menstruation in most women is accompanied by a feeling of weight gain, heaviness and a decrease in diuresis. At this time, the body removes excess fluid mainly through the intestines; bowel movements can occur up to three times a day. Frequent urination during menstruation is quite rare.

In some women, swelling of the uterus and irritation of the urethra leads to an increase in urge, but the amount of fluid discharge does not increase. When visiting the toilet, a few drops of urine are squeezed out.

If the woman is not bothered by pain and pulling sensations in the lower abdomen, then this can be considered as normal.

During this period, the hormonal background is radically restructured, which can lead to various kinds of discomfort. Thus, there may be an increase in urination during menstruation, incontinence, cycle disorders, and a decrease in the amount of discharge.

Sometimes frequent urination during menstruation is evidence of a sexually transmitted disease that occurs in a latent form.

If infectious agents are present in a woman’s body, but strong immune defense does not allow them to manifest themselves, then during menstruation the symptoms become more pronounced.

This is due to a natural decrease in immune status provoked by hormonal changes. Under such conditions, the infection can become active.

With a urogenital infection, a woman feels a frequent urge, while very little urine is released, and after emptying the bladder there is no feeling of satisfaction. Urination becomes uncomfortable, sometimes painful. There are nagging or sharp pains in the lower abdomen and lower back, sometimes radiating to the legs.

A sign of the disease is also a change in the nature of menstrual flow: it changes color and acquires a specific smell.

After the cessation of menstruation, the symptoms do not disappear; they can become more intense and varied as the pathology progresses. In such cases, you should immediately consult a doctor, since almost all such infections, if left untreated, become chronic and entail a lot of serious complications.

Two or three days after the start of menstruation, hormonal levels return to normal, and the frequency of trips to the toilet returns to normal.

Urine begins to be excreted as usual, and if fluid retention in the body was observed during menstruation, now the frequency of urination increases.

This condition continues for one or two days, then the process finally normalizes. However, normally there is no increase in nighttime urges. If this happens, you need to consult a doctor.

If frequent urination occurs monthly, then there is no need to worry. However, it is necessary to discuss this feature of your body with a gynecologist during a scheduled visit.

If additional symptoms appear, you should not wait until the next medical examination; you should visit a doctor as soon as possible.

Such manifestations include:

• change in the nature and duration of menstruation (it became longer or, conversely, foreign impurities and blood clots appeared in the discharge);
• the process of urination causes pain or discomfort;
• before or during menstruation, nagging pain or cramping is felt in the lower abdomen;
• defecation disorders;
• presence of blood in the urine;
• strange rashes and redness appeared on the external genitalia.

An increased urge to urinate may indicate diseases of the following body systems:

• excretory;
• reproductive;
• endocrine;
• cardiovascular.

During the premenstrual period, significant hormonal changes occur in the body.

If there are inflammatory diseases of the kidneys or bladder that are asymptomatic, then at this time they can become more active and manifest. In addition to increased frequency of urination, such pathologies are indicated by the following signs:

• temperature increase;
• pain in the abdomen, above the pubis, in the lumbar region;
• discomfort when emptying the bladder;
• general malaise;
• the appearance of edema;
• change in urine characteristics (color, smell, transparency).

Infectious diseases of the external and internal genital organs, the development of tumor processes, endometriosis, and uterine prolapse can be manifested by increased urination.

If, in addition to this symptom, a woman is bothered by pain in the lower abdomen, itching, irritation, vaginal dryness, and menstrual irregularities, then this may indicate diseases of the reproductive system.

If frequent urination is a constant concern, then this may indicate diabetes. It is also accompanied by intense thirst and, as a result, an increase in the volume of fluid consumed.

Concerned about dry mouth and rapid weight gain.

When the urge to urinate at night becomes more frequent, excessive swelling develops, this may indicate the development of pathologies of the cardiovascular system.

If physiological reasons for increased diuresis are excluded, then you should consult a doctor and undergo an examination. The doctor will be able to make a diagnosis and prescribe the necessary treatment.

Any period is suitable for collecting material. Unlike blood parameters, the composition of urine during menstruation remains almost unchanged. But it is recommended to donate urine before menstruation or 2-3 days after the end of the critical days. This is due to the fact that the openings of the vagina and urethra are located next to each other, and this increases the likelihood of vaginal secretions getting into the urine.

Blood from the vagina, once in the collected material, can cause the following to be detected in the urine:

• mucus;
• red blood cells;
• leukocytes.

Similar deviations occur during inflammatory processes in the kidneys. Identification of these elements during laboratory testing will cause false positive results.

It is not advisable to collect analysis during menstruation.
After they begin, even in the first hours, vaginal secretion increases, and this can affect the reliability of the result. If possible, postpone the urine test until the end of the critical days. During menstruation, the characteristics of the blood temporarily change (clotting slows down, the erythrocyte level and hemoglobin decrease), and when collecting urine or feces, it is difficult to prevent vaginal discharge from getting into the material. This leads to the fact that the testing of biomaterial is inaccurate.

On any day you are allowed to donate blood to determine:

• hormone levels;
• hepatitis, syphilis or HIV;
• ELISA for genitourinary infections.

Other types of routine examinations should be abandoned. Menstruation can cause false positive testing data.

Donating urine using the Nechiporenko method during menstruation

Urine analysis using the Nechiporenko method is an additional laboratory diagnostic method to a general urine test if there are deviations from the norm in the indicators. Using this analysis, it is possible to establish the nature of the pathology, since the calculation of biological elements per unit volume of urine is used. This analysis is more accurate and reliable.

The rules for preparing for it are the same as for the general analysis. It is strongly not recommended to perform it during menstruation, as this can significantly affect the results and distort them. Therefore, most likely, it will need to be retaken 2-3 days after the end of menstruation.

Bacterial culture

Menstruation and bacterial culture may be combined when urine is collected via a catheter by a health care provider to ensure that no particles are introduced into the sample. Bacterial culture is carried out to determine the type of bacteria and their sensitivity to drugs (antibiotics).

A pure culture (from identical bacteria) is grown on a nutrient medium in the laboratory to study their properties. Tank culture is necessary to diagnose diseases caused by infection. The doctor prescribes an analysis if it is suspected that the patient’s symptoms and complaints are caused by pathogenic microorganisms entering the body that caused the disease.

Bacterial culture can be performed on biomaterial (blood, semen, mucus, skin, urine).

During menstruation and 2-3 days after its end, you cannot donate urine for culture. Do not use vaginal contraceptive suppositories 2 days before the test. Douching before collecting urine is also prohibited. After passing the stream, collect a medium portion of urine in a sterile container.

Obtaining tank culture results is not a quick process; correct urine collection for analysis is important. The patient must adhere to the rules of asepsis and antisepsis so that the result of the urine test is reliable.

This applies to women if urine collection has to be done during menstruation. In order to prevent microorganisms and components of menstrual blood from entering urine and to ensure the sterility of the collected biomaterial, you must adhere to the rules for collecting urine (set out in the text).

Tank culture of urine for flora during menstruation

Urine culture tank for flora is a bacteriological study that helps to identify hidden infections of the urinary system. It is prescribed to determine sensitivity to antibiotics in order to correctly prescribe treatment, as well as determine the cause of the disease. In a healthy state, human urine does not contain bacteria or other microorganisms. Therefore, even with a minimal number, we can talk about the presence of diseases and infections.

This is a highly sensitive test, so preparation for it is of utmost importance. In order to avoid erroneous treatment of cystitis, urethritis or pyelonephritis, the study should not be performed during menstruation. And in the period between critical days, you need to carefully prepare for it:

• do not eat vegetables and fruits of bright colors (carrots, beets);
• exclude diuretics and antibacterial drugs;
• carefully perform genital hygiene;
• Use a tampon to prevent vaginal discharge from entering.

Do periods affect blood tests?

Monthly menstrual flow affects the blood, changing its parameters:

• The ESR may increase.
• The overall level of leukocytes decreases slightly.
• Platelets decrease.
• Coagulability indicators worsen.
• Red blood cells and hemoglobin increase slightly on the first day of menstruation.

During critical days, blood donation to determine tumor markers is not prescribed. The reason is a possible false positive result.

With heavy menstrual blood loss, which occurs in teenage girls, women of reproductive or menopausal age, iron deficiency anemia may develop due to a decrease in hemoglobin in the blood. The same condition develops during intense menstruation with gynecological diseases - endometriosis, uterine fibroids, the presence of an intrauterine device (source - article “Iron deficiency anemia in gynecological practice: basic principles of treatment”, authors - Serov V.N., Dubrovina N.V., Balushkina A. A.)

Analysis results

Interpretation of urine test results consists of studying all its components. This process consists of physical or visual examination of urine (macroscopic analysis), microscopic, biochemical, microbiological and physicochemical examination.

During a visual inspection, the lab technician checks for color, clarity, and the presence of foam. When examining a sample microscopically, the following indicators are distinguished:

• red blood cells;
• leukocytes;
• squamous epithelium;
• columnar epithelium.

Biochemical analysis consists of determining the presence or absence of protein in the urine. Microbiological research consists of finding components such as bilirubin, hemoglobin, glucose and urobilinogen. The study of urine density and its acidity occurs at the stage of physical and chemical analysis.

Why is urine testing performed?

Urine is a waste product of the human body, excreted by the kidneys. It contains impurities, the amount of which differs between a healthy and a sick person. Changes in these indicators signal pathological processes in the body. Based on the data obtained, the doctor has the opportunity to detect pathological abnormalities.

A urine test shows how much of certain elements are in the body. It also makes it possible to identify dysfunction of the genitourinary system, metabolic disorders and other diseases. This procedure is included in the list of studies that are performed during a preventive examination.

Find out from the article on the link whether it is possible to treat teeth during menstruation.

Urine examination is divided into the following types:

• general analysis consists of determining the amount of protein, glucose and urea;
• clinical involves identifying the amount of cellular substances;
• according to Zimnitsky - determination of the condition of the kidneys;
• according to Nechiporenko for the detection of inflammatory foci. During the study, the sediment is studied and the volume of blood cells is determined;
• biochemical allows you to track the concentration of certain elements in the body (sodium, phosphorus, magnesium, etc.);
• according to Amburge gives an idea of ​​the functioning of the urinary system.

The full research process consists of three stages. First, the inspection is carried out visually. The specialist studies the concentration and color of the provided material. At the second stage, a chemical study is performed. It involves studying the substances that make up urine and determining the number of cells.

The final stage is to conduct a microscopic analysis. Here bacteria and other substances contained in urine are studied. The cell type is also calculated.

Normal test results

There are standards for urine analysis in an adult, which indicate that everything is in order with the body. These include:

1. Urine color. Various shades of yellow are allowed. Ideally straw color.
2. Cloudy urine. Urine should not be cloudy.
3. Smell. Should not be harsh or unpleasant.
4. The pH level should not exceed 7.
5. There should be no protein.
6. Sugar should not be present in a urine test.
7. There is no acetone in the urine.
8. Bilirubin is absent.
9. Red blood cells (for women 0-3, for men 0-1 in the field of view).
10. White blood cells (for women 0-6, for men - 0-3 in the field of view).
11. Urobilinogen – 5-10 mg/l.
12. Epithelial cells – 0-10 per field of view.

Cylinders, bacteria, salts and parasites should not be present in the urine of a healthy person. Any deviation from the norm may be a sign of various diseases that require more careful diagnosis.

What tests can detect an elevated white blood cell count?

3 types of analysis can detect an increased number of leukocytes.

On the composition of microflora

If a genitourinary infection is suspected, the gynecologist prescribes an analysis of the composition of the microflora. It includes epithelial cells and opportunistic bacteria - pathogens. Normally, bacteria are absent or present in an amount of 1-2 units.

For the degree of purity

Vaginal cleanliness is a relative concept.

Depending on the quantity and composition of microflora, there are 4 degrees of purity:

1. Complete absence of pathogenic flora and leukocytes;
2. Normal number of leukocytes and insignificant presence of microflora;
3. The level of leukocytes is elevated, pathogenic bacteria are present, repeated tests are required to clarify the diagnosis;
4. All indicators are elevated, bifidobacteria that can normalize the condition of the vagina are absent, the patient requires emergency treatment.

Oncocytology

Oncocytological examination allows early detection of precancerous cells in the epithelium of the cervix and vagina . Doctors strongly recommend that all women, upon reaching 18 years of age, regardless of their health status and lifestyle, undergo an oncocytology test once a year.

Causes of false positive results

Every month, physiological changes occur in a woman’s body during a regular cycle; some chemical indicators may be higher than normal. This situation greatly complicates the process of making a correct diagnosis and prescribing adequate treatment.

During this period, the specific gravity of urine increases, urine may be cloudy and acquire a reddish tint. Such changes can cause false positive results. The doctor may suspect the patient has diseases of the heart, pancreas, or hepatobiliary system.

• Blood in the urine (hematuria) can be a sign of cancer, kidney stones, or bladder infections. Dark-colored urine may indicate an inflammatory process in a woman’s body, kidney pathologies, or liver diseases.
• An increase in the level of red blood cells in the urine, which is a physiological feature during menstruation, may indicate diseases of the reproductive and urinary systems.
• It is common to find an excessive amount of epithelium in the urine during menstruation. But in normal conditions, this is a reason to suspect a tumor in the body. This may also be a sign of chronic cystitis, hepatitis A, or urolithiasis.
• An increase in leukocytes in the urine may indicate inflammatory processes in the reproductive system, kidneys or bladder. During menstruation, an excessive amount of them can enter the biomaterial and cause an erroneous diagnosis.

Normally, urine should be clear. But a change in this indicator is possible during critical days. The presence of foam or sediment may indicate kidney disease or urinary tract infection. In some cases, the doctor may recommend retaking the test after the end of menstruation to make the correct diagnosis.

Surely every woman has heard that donating urine during menstruation is undesirable. However, there are situations when the result is required precisely during critical days. Why not when you can? According to the rules, it is better to take urine for testing in the morning, since it has a higher concentration and the result will be more informative. In this case, blood particles in the sample distort the picture, and the result turns out to be false. What should I do? Is it worth taking a urine test during menstruation?

Elevated leukocytes in urine or blood: causes

This phenomenon can be caused by factors such as: visiting a sauna or steam bath, prolonged exposure to the sun, intense physical activity, smoking, stress, taking certain medications (atropine, allopurinol). Elevated leukocytes in the blood are also observed during pregnancy (in the second half) and before menstruation. White blood cell levels may increase when:

• infectious diseases (pneumonia, erysipelas, meningitis, otitis media);
• inflammatory processes of various localizations: abdominal cavity (peritonitis, appendicitis, pancreatitis), pleura (empyema, pleurisy), subcutaneous tissue (phlegmon, abscess, panaritium);
• extensive burns;
• infarctions of the heart, kidneys, spleen;
• conditions after significant blood loss;
• chronic renal failure;
• diabetic coma;
• carbon monoxide poisoning;
• non-inflammatory intoxication.

You should know that high leukocytes in the blood are not diagnosed in people with weakened immune systems: elderly patients, drug addicts, alcoholics. In this category of people, inflammatory and infectious processes can occur with a normal level of leukocytes.

The influence of menstruation on results

Urinalysis is the process of determining the ratio of products of healthy metabolism to pathological ones. Detection of cells, microorganisms, bacteria, enzymes. Urine is kidney waste, which indicates that the body is working in a normal rhythm or with a deviation. Residues originate in the kidneys, move through the ureters into the bladder, accumulate in the urethra, and are expelled through the urethra, in contact with the vagina. The urinary and reproductive systems have different organs, but the channel for excreting urine to the outside is located near the vaginal canal, through which discharge passes. Consequently, urine analysis during menstruation is slightly distorted.

During the day, the color of urine and its concentration changes. Therefore, morning urine collection is required for the study. Urine analysis during menstruation changes color. And the presence of certain diseases is determined by color. Although, the collected material according to all the rules will give the most reliable results. The research takes place in several stages:

• Visual inspection with evaluation of color and smell.
• Chemical examination of the composition of 9 components contained in urine. These indicators determine the state of the body. First of all, the indicator of red blood cells, leukocytes, endometrial cells, mucus, and protein is assessed. According to the data received, the doctor diagnoses the disease or confirms the absence of pathological processes.
• Microscopic examination of urine allows you to identify and calculate the number of cells, crystals, and bacteria.

During a chemical test, the number of blood cells is measured. In the absence of diseases and inflammatory processes in the body, the indicator of red blood cells - erythrocytes - is minimal. Their number begins to increase when there is a threat to the normal functioning of the body. Red blood cells are the first to rush to the rescue, trying to correct situations on their own. Consequently, menstrual blood particles that get into the urine sample simply distort the result. If there are no diseases, the sample will show their presence. Take a urine test during menstruation, following generally accepted recommendations.

Leukocytes in a smear: norm and pathology

When conducting a diagnostic examination by a gynecologist, a woman must take a smear from her vagina. The data from this analysis make it possible to assess the problems of the female genital area.

Leukocytes in a smear before menstruation and their number are one of the indicators of the normal functioning of the female genital organs. They can be observed in the analysis even in the absence of pathology in a woman.

Standard health indicators

The main examination during the examination is a smear from the vagina, however, to obtain a more objective picture, you can take the contents of the mucous membrane of the vagina, urethra and cervical canal. Normal indicators of the number of leukocytes in these tests are considered:

• in a vaginal smear, the number of leukocytes can range from 0 to 15;
• leukocytes in the cervical canal before menstruation are usually slightly increased, their number exceeds 30, and in the rest of the period in a healthy woman they range from 0 to 25;
• When conducting an examination of the urethra, the possibility of the presence of urine should be taken into account, so leukocyte counts will range from 0 to 7 - 10.

In addition, experts are calm about the increased number of white blood cells before menstruation. If the analysis shows no destroyed leukocytes and their shape is not changed, then even an increase to 40 - 50 is not considered a pathology and does not require emergency treatment.

Normal indicators in the smear: V - vagina; C - cervix; U - urethra

Increased indicators as a sign of disease

There are many reasons for an increased number of white blood cells in vaginal smears. This primarily includes STIs or sexually transmitted inflammatory diseases. Modern medicine has more than 50 of them.

Most often these are various diseases caused by bacteria. These include the well-known diseases syphilis, gonorrhea, as well as urogenital mycoplasmosis and chlamydia. Recently, there has been a fairly high increase in such a specific disease as tuberculosis of the female genital organs.

Rules for collecting urine for testing

When communicating with a doctor who gives a referral for a urine test, you must inform about the presence of menstruation. Perhaps the procedure can be postponed to a later date. If the situation is urgent, urine must be collected in accordance with the general rules.

Currently, a container for collecting a urine sample is sold in every pharmacy. This is a plastic transparent container with a lid. You can use a jar, but before the procedure it should be thoroughly washed with soda and dried. You should prepare for the test:

• Urine should be collected in the morning with a urination interval of at least 4 hours. After all, some women get up at night to go to the toilet.
• Make sure that food products are not intensely colored. For example, a salad made from beets, spinach, and carrots can change color. Limit the consumption of spicy, salty, smoked foods, give up coffee and alcohol.
• Some medications affect urine analysis. It is advisable not to take tablets on the eve of collecting material. If this is not possible, you should inform your doctor.
• A portion of the sample should be taken for urine analysis within 2 hours. In this case, the result will reflect a true picture of the state of the body.

When collecting material for urine analysis during menstruation, there are some nuances. The above rules apply, new ones are added. Take a urine test during your period if it is impossible to delay this process.

Methods for collecting urine for research

There are several methods for collecting urine samples for analysis. The easiest way is to collect it yourself at home. To do this, use a special sterile disposable container with an airtight lid. Such containers can be purchased at any pharmacy. Using a disposable vessel prevents the entry of bacteria and impurities from the external environment. Before the collection, a hygienic shower of the intimate area is required. Women are advised to insert a sanitary tampon into the vagina. After collection, the collected samples can be stored for no longer than 2 hours.

Rules for collecting urine for research:

• clean disposable container;
• intimate shower before taking the test;
• storing collected urine for no longer than 2 hours.

Urine for analysis can be submitted directly to a laboratory or hospital. Regardless of the place where urine is submitted for testing, you must adhere to all of the above collection rules.

There are times when it is impossible to independently collect urine during urination. Also, to diagnose some diseases, it is necessary to collect material directly from the bladder to limit the entry of impurities from the lower urinary tract.

There is a method for collecting urine samples by inserting a catheter directly into the bladder. A urinary catheter is usually made of a soft, flexible material and is not painful when inserted. For easier and faster insertion, the end of the catheter is treated with a special lubricant or gel. In some cases, especially in men and children, lidocaine gel is used for additional pain relief.

Urine analysis during menstruation - collection features

Menstrual blood and vaginal discharge become a source of contamination of the material. A urine test during menstruation should be done as follows:

• Wash your hands well before the procedure.
• Wash your genitals with clean warm water without using cosmetics. Dry with a napkin. While collecting urine samples during menstruation, insert a tampon into the vagina.
• Open the lid of the container, if there is one, and place the inside side up. Take a urine test during your period only in a clean container.
• Spread your labia to the side and begin urinating into the toilet. Then place a container under the stream. At the end of the process, throw the remainder into the toilet too.
• The rim of the container should not touch the labia. Keep it at a short distance convenient for collecting material.
• Take a urine test during menstruation within 2 hours after collecting the material.

A collected urine test during menstruation according to all the rules gives true results, but will have to be repeated after their end. Additionally, if sterile urine is required, it is collected using a catheter in the doctor's office. It doesn’t make much difference whether you have your period or not.

The procedure should be taken seriously, all features and factors that distort the result should be taken into account. All details should be reported to your doctor. A repeat examination is carried out 2-3 days after the end of menstruation.

Possible violations

You can take a blood test during your period, the main thing is to warn your doctor about it. This is recommended to be done only in the most urgent situations, if it is necessary to diagnose the disease. As for donation, doctors categorically do not recommend doing this during such a period. The fact is that during menstruation, the level of hemoglobin in the blood decreases, and most recipients really need to increase it.

It is allowed to become a donor only in extreme cases, if the patient needs a transfusion after losing a large amount of blood. Only then can doctors agree to this. In all other situations, no one practices donation during menstruation. This also applies to control studies when it is necessary to confirm or refute the diagnosis. During menstruation, no even the most modern equipment can confirm the exact picture. All components will be knocked down.

In most cases, pregnant women experience a decrease in hemoglobin levels, which often leads to anemia. Degree of severity of anemia: https://krasnayakrov.ru/analizy-krovi/koncentraciya-gemoglobina-v-krovi-u-beremennyx-zhenshhin.html

Treatment of pathology

To begin treatment, it is necessary to make a correct diagnosis . If the cause is various types of infections, the doctor prescribes a complex method:

• taking antibiotics;
• special renal diet;
• reducing fluid intake to relieve the kidneys;
• decoctions of medicinal herbs to “wash” the kidneys.

In some cases, if the cause of the appearance of red blood cells is fluid stagnation, a diuretic is taken to eliminate the stagnation.

First of all, it is recommended to contact a specialist who can find the root cause of the high level of red blood cells. Incorrect treatment can provoke a worsening of the situation, which will complicate further recovery.

In case of malignant tumors, you will have to undergo surgery to remove them. Only a doctor can detect and remove it and no self-medication will help.

If red blood cells are elevated but white blood cells are normal

Expert opinion

Kovaleva Elena Anatolyevna

Doctor-Laboratory Assistant. 14 years of experience in clinical diagnostic services.

Ask a question to an expert

With both a low level of leukocytes and a high level of red blood cells, it can be concluded that the blood in the urine is of mechanical origin. That is, the cause was not an infection, since in this case the body fights and the overall level of leukocytes increases.

Most likely, one of the organs of the urinary system is injured; it remains to find which one.

The simplest way to determine is the “three glasses method.” During one urination, urine should be directed alternately into three different containers. Then the level of red blood cells in each of them is determined. Elevated in the first container - the urinary tract is to blame, the second - the kidneys, the third - the bladder.

What does it mean if a lot of red blood cells are detected?

If, according to the results of the analysis, red blood cells in the urine are significantly increased, this always indicates a deviation from the norm. Most often this is a sign of problems with the kidneys or urinary tract, less often a disease of the hematopoietic system. Occasionally, excessive physical activity may be the cause.

In women, the presence of single blood cells is normal, but increased red blood cells in the urine in women and men indicate long-term or severe problems with the genitourinary system.

A person may not have any complaints, and it is the test results that will become the only motive to look for the reasons for the increase in the indicator.

An increased level of red blood cells sometimes also indicates that there are side effects from anticoagulant treatment or that there are blood diseases.

The reasons for women and men are not fundamentally different. In the case of women, misdiagnosis may occur if urine is collected during menstruation. Women in this situation are more vulnerable - if blood is excreted in the urine constantly and for a long time, then the woman is more likely to have anemia.

Kidney diseases

Hematuria is caused by kidney disease or damage due to the following conditions:

• the passage of kidney stones, which causes injury to the epithelium;
• tumors, both benign and cancerous;
• cysts that are too large, which lead to compression of organs and disruption of blood vessels;
• vascular lesions, for example, venous with renal high blood pressure;
• inflammation of the kidney tissue;
• drug-induced kidney damage.

The vast majority of medications primarily affect the kidneys, so hematuria is especially dangerous in older people who are forced to take many medications.

Gross hematuria most often occurs in injuries, tumors, thrombosis of the veins in the kidneys, microhematuria - in hereditary, alcoholic, medicinal renal diseases and gout.

Blood cells in the urine also appear due to physical injury to the kidneys (for example, from falls, car accidents, fights).

Extrarenal causes of increased red blood cells

A noticeable increase in red blood cells is associated not only with the kidneys, but also with other organs of the genitourinary system, as well as with coagulability (thrombocytopenia, hemophilia). Blood may appear in the urine as a result of damage to the urinary tract:

• passage and sticking of stones in the urinary canals, urethra;
• tumors of the urinary tract, prostate, urethra;
• inflammation;
• infections of the genital organs and urinary tract;
• parasitic diseases.

In men, prostatitis can be accompanied by bleeding from the prostate.

In some cases, essential hematuria is diagnosed - when red blood cells are elevated, but the source of the blood is not detected. A person with such a diagnosis requires observation and more complex diagnostic methods.

Micro- and macrohematuria

An increase in the number of red blood cells in the urine is called hematuria. There are macro- and microhematuria.

If whole, unchanged red blood cells get into the urine, causing its color to become red, brown or dark, this is macrohematuria. Their presence in urine is determined visually, and their quantity is calculated under a microscope. The reasons for the appearance of blood in tests can be different - from trauma to the urethra to glomerulonephritis.

Gross hematuria is always a sign of serious pathology. If such a symptom appears, you should seek medical help as soon as possible.

Altered red blood cells in the urine occur in pathologies of the urinary system. These cells no longer contain hemoglobin, do not color the urine red and are diagnosed only when tested. Also, when left in the urine for a long time, red blood cells are leached, and their remains are determined only in laboratory tests.

Increased red blood cells in urine during menstruation

A general urine test reveals various pathological processes. If red blood cells in the urine are elevated in women, this is not always a sign of pathology. The main reasons for the appearance of red blood cells in the urine are improper or irregular hygiene procedures.

Norm of red blood cells in urine in women by age

Red blood cells in the urine are elevated (the reasons in women are not always associated with pathology) due to incorrect analysis, cuts and injuries, and for some other reasons not related to diseases. To identify them, additional examination and proper preparation for analysis are required.

In a healthy body, blood cells do not appear in the urine or there are no more than 1-3 of them in the total mass of urinary fluid under a microscope. With improper hygiene and pathological changes in the body, the levels of red blood cells in the urine become higher than normal.

The table of erythrocyte content in women at different periods of time and conditions gives the following results:

Analysis for the detection of red blood cells in urine: preparation, implementation

The study is carried out on days not close to menstruation, on an empty stomach and in the morning. Before the tests, it is advisable not to use special intimate hygiene products - wipes, gels, just wash with warm water. Morning urine is collected in a container and sent to the laboratory.

In some cases, the analysis is carried out in a medical institution.

In some cases, 3 days before taking the test, experts recommend stopping taking antibiotics, some medications, concentrated juices, alcohol and citrus fruits. 2 days before the analysis, it is recommended to refrain from intimate relationships and not wear too tight synthetic underwear.

Decoding the results

If the study detects red blood cells in the urine, attention is paid to their shape and quality.

Typically these blood cells are divided into:

• unchanged normal red blood cells - they contain hemoglobin;
• altered blood cells - they are colorless and do not contain hemoglobin.

Normally, white and red blood cells and plasma are carefully filtered by the kidneys and are not excreted in the urine. Therefore, if they are detected in the urine, additional tests are prescribed. Especially if the cells are pathologically changed.

If there are more red blood cells than normal, additional tests are prescribed to identify the disease and select therapy. Especially if the rest of the other cells in the analysis deviate from normal values.

The appearance of red blood cells with hemoglobin often indicates inflammation and the consequences of injury. If colorless red blood cells appear, additional tests are ordered to detect cancer and tuberculosis. The appearance of such cells during pregnancy is especially dangerous.

When red blood cells are detected, the following is diagnosed:

• microhematuria – when the color of urine remains unchanged;
• gross hematuria - if the urine changes color, becomes reddish or coffee-colored. This disease often occurs in people over 40 years of age and is accompanied by pain and inflammation.

Pathological causes of increased red blood cells in urine in women

All causes of excess red cells are divided into somatic, postrenal and renal. The former are not related to kidney disease and the urinary system, the latter are directly related to them.

Somatic causes include the following deviations:

• intoxication of the body - under the influence of infection, protective membranes expand and because of this, red blood cells enter the urine. This phenomenon is observed in inflammatory infections, severe poisoning, when the temperature rises and the kidneys cannot completely filter urine;
• blood thinning or congenital hemophilia . If blood clotting is impaired, the blood becomes very liquid and part of it passes through the membrane into the urinary secretions;
• Thrombocytopenia is a change in the production of blood clots, causing the blood to become very thin and some red blood cells to be present in the urine.

If the red blood cells in the urine are elevated, thrombocytopenia may be the cause.

Red blood cells in the urine are increased (causes in women are often associated with gynecological diseases) also in cases of kidney disease. They are also called renial.

These include pathologies such as:

• glomerulonephritis is a disease during which the kidneys cannot filter urine and blood cells enter it;
• urolithiasis – with this disease internal bleeding develops;
• hydronephrosis - a violation of the outflow of urinary fluid in which small capillaries and larger vessels are injured;
• pyelonephritis;
• oncological changes in renal tissue.

With postrenal causes of changes in normal TAM indicators, red blood cells become more than normal, but this has nothing to do with the kidneys.

The main causes of this condition:

• sand or stones in the urinary system or kidneys;
• cystitis - acute or sluggish chronic inflammation of the lining and walls of the bladder;
• cancer;
• menstruation;
• alcohol poisoning, acute or chronic alcohol intoxication;
• heart diseases;
• acute viral diseases;
• smallpox;
• feverish condition;
• inflammatory gynecological diseases;
• erosion;
• uterine bleeding.

Physiological reasons

The number of red blood cells is outside the normal range in a healthy body when:

• traumatic kidney tissue, injury to the kidney area, impact, a lot of blood is released into the urine;
• with physical damage to the urethra and bladder;
• in hot climates, with long and frequent rest in the sauna, working at the stove, holidays in hot countries;
• excessive passion for spicy additives and spices;
• increasing physical activity;
• severe stress;
• taking antibiotics;
• abuse of sour citrus fruits, ascorbic acid;
• excessive salt intake;
• alcohol abuse;
• during pregnancy, pure blood cells increase slightly, especially if the woman suffered from kidney disease;
• when donating blood before or after menstruation, injuries to the genital organs or bleeding of the uterus, blood appears in the urinary fluid;
• thrush;
• genital irritation;
• foreign bodies getting into the urethra;
• wearing tight synthetic underwear.

Source: https://karma-laws.ru/povyshennye-jeritrocity-v-moche-pri-menstruacii/