Kidneys are one of the main filters of the body. It is specially made in the form of a pair of organs - so that if one of them is damaged, its function can be taken over by the second without any problems. But many reasons - infections, injuries, ingestion of toxic substances and medications - act simultaneously on both “miraculous networks” (that is what the internal structure of the organ is called), significantly reducing their chances of normal recovery.
Before looking for the cause of the pain, you need to figure out what exactly hurts
Therefore, if any symptoms from the urinary system occur, you should urgently contact a nephrologist. We will tell you why your kidneys hurt, how it manifests itself and what to do about it.
IMPORTANT!
The natural remedy
Nutricomplex
restores proper metabolism in 1 month. Read the article>>...
The structure and location of the liver in the human body
Not everyone knows exactly where the human liver is located. Those who studied well at school remember that it is on the right and not on the left, but that is where the knowledge usually ends. Most people begin to think about the structure and location of the liver only when they feel strange discomfort. This gland is the largest human organ, weighing about 1/20 the body weight of an adult or 1/50 the body weight of a newborn child, performing hundreds of functions and passing almost 100 liters of blood every minute. Let's correct the injustice and find out everything about the liver.
Liver location
The human liver is located in the hypochondrium, on the right, directly under the diaphragm. Conventionally divided into right and left lobes. Most of the organ is located on the right side of the hypochondrium. The liver partially continues to the left from the midline of the sternum. The upper edge is located at the level of the VI right intercostal space, and the top of the left part is slightly elevated relative to the right and reaches the V intercostal space. The right lower border extends to the last intercostal space, its topography coincides with the right costal arch. From right to left, the liver stretches diagonally, to the central line of the sternum, reaching the left costal arch at the level of the V intercostal space. Thus, the shape of this organ resembles a triangle stretched inside the chest. The liver is held in place by ligaments, attached to the diaphragm, stomach, right kidney and duodenum.
The anterior (lower) edge of the liver should not extend beyond the edge of the costal arch. If this happens and the location of the organ has shifted, this condition requires clarification of the reasons.
However, it is not always possible to say with certainty which side the liver is on. In rare cases, it may be located on the left. This state of the body is called transposition (mirror image) of organs.
Appearance and structure
This organ has a diaphragmatic (external) and visceral (internal) surface. On the outer surface, dents from organs are visible - the heart, the inferior vena cava, the thoracic spine, the aorta. And the inner surface of this gland is marked by impressions of the right kidney and adrenal gland, duodenum and ascending colon.
The falciform ligament divides the organ into large and small lobes, located on the right and left, respectively. The right lobe includes the quadrate (right) and caudate (left) lobes. It is noteworthy that the right kidney is located approximately 1.5 cm lower than the left one, since it is displaced by the right lobe of the liver. For the same reason, the right kidney is usually slightly smaller. Due to such proximity, these organs are interconnected, following the occurrence of serious liver disease, kidney failure may develop.
Organ from the inside
The outermost lining of the liver is the peritoneum (serous membrane). It covers the organ on three sides. Immediately below it is Glisson's capsule - a fibrous membrane. The main task of this capsule is to maintain the shape of the gland.
Liver cells are hepatocytes. They undergo a large number of metabolic processes (for example, storing glycogen). In addition, hepatocytes participate in the formation of hepatic tubules - these are the future hepatic ducts. Gradually increasing their diameter, the tubules form interlobular, segmental and lobar ducts. Hepatocytes are arranged in radial rows around one of the central veins.
The main structural unit of the liver is the hepatic lobule. Its functions depend on its location in the organ and the anatomical elements included in its composition. In a healthy adult, their number can be about half a million.
When they enter the connective tissue surrounding the liver lobules, the tubules turn into interlobular ones, then they merge, turning into larger ducts. The right and left canals of the liver consist of interlobular tubules. Sometimes there are more channels - up to five, although this is rare. They form a common hepatic duct 4–6 cm long, which flows into the cystic duct. The common bile duct formed in this way is located in the duodenum.
In the transverse groove there are the hepatic gates, into which blood and lymphatic vessels open, as well as nerves and the common bile duct.
The concept of segments and sectors of the liver
With the development of hepatology and abdominal surgery, a more precise determination of the location of disorders in the liver was needed. Therefore, in the 50s of the XX century. the doctrine of segmental anatomy of the liver was created. According to this teaching, the liver consists of right and left lobes, which are formed from eight segments. The latter are grouped radially around the gates of the liver and constitute five sectors (zones).
A segment is the space of tissue adjacent to the liver triad, which includes branches of the portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct.
Blood supply
The uniqueness of the liver lies in the fact that it receives not only arterial blood from the hepatic artery, but also venous blood from the portal vein. This vein carries blood from almost the entire body. And the main artery of the liver nourishes the organ, supplying it with oxygen and other important substances. The outflow of venous blood occurs through the hepatic veins leading to the inferior vena cava. The fetus also has umbilical veins, but after birth they close up.
Innervation of the liver
There are no nerve endings in the liver itself, which is why we do not experience pain when there are problems with it. It is mainly innervated by the branches of the vagus nerve. Painful sensations are also possible due to stretching of the capsule if it is stretched by an enlarged or deformed organ.
Gallbladder
Where the liver is located, there is the gallbladder, namely on its visceral surface. This is a hollow pear-shaped organ with a volume of about 50 ml. The structure of the gallbladder consists of a body, a neck and a cystic duct. The cystic duct merges with the common hepatic duct to form the common bile duct. It opens through the sphincter of Oddi into the lumen of the duodenum. The base of the gallbladder protrudes from under the anteroinferior edge of the liver by several centimeters and is in contact with the peritoneum, and the body is in contact with the stomach, sections of the large and small intestines.
The liver produces bile around the clock, but it enters the intestines only during the digestion of food. Therefore, there is a need in the body for bile storage, the function of which is performed by the gallbladder.
In response to a certain reflex, the gallbladder contracts, the sphincter of Oddi relaxes, and bile ends up in the duodenum. The concentration of bladder bile differs from that of hepatic bile due to the reabsorption of water by the bladder wall. Concentrated bile in the gallbladder takes on an oily green, olive hue. When bile stagnates, stones can form, leading to pain and colic in the gallbladder.
moyapechen.ru
Why does my kidney hurt?
There are many causes of kidney disease. These include inflammatory and tumor diseases, injuries to this area, and developmental anomalies of the urinary system, which “raise their heads” under the influence of provoking factors. Let's look at everything in order.
Glomerulonephritis
This is a disease when the kidney tissue suffers from an attack by its own immune cells, which, starting to fight the infection, mistake the kidney cells for microbes. The pathology most often develops after a streptococcal disease (for example, tonsillitis).
Pain is a sign of inflammation, tissue damage due to injury or tumor
Symptoms of glomerulonephritis:
TREAT THE CAUSE, NOT THE EFFECT!
Nutricomplex,
a product made from natural ingredients, restores proper metabolism in 1 month. Read the article>>...
lower back pain; blood visible to the eye in the urine; increased blood pressure; swelling on the eyelids, legs.
Kidney stone disease
It is one of the common causes of kidney pain. In this case, the pain syndrome is very intense and develops after a bumpy ride or playing sports - then the stone begins to move along the ureter, touching its nerve endings.
With this disease, pain in the lumbar region is very severe, does not allow you to find a body position to relieve it, and is accompanied by the urge to urinate. The volume of urine is very small, often mixed with blood.
Pyelonephritis
Acute pyelonephritis, in addition to lower back pain, will be manifested by fever, weakness, and nausea. Usually its manifestations are so strong that a person immediately seeks help.
IMPORTANT!
How to remove bags and wrinkles around the eyes at 50 years old? Read the article>>...
Warning! More often, lower back pain as an isolated symptom is complained of in chronic pyelonephritis, which is also manifested by the fact that the back in the kidney area begins to freeze more, appetite worsens, the amount of urine may change, and blood pressure increases.
Renal artery thrombosis
With this disease the following are noted:
Where are the human liver and kidneys located? - Find out where... everything is!
Where are the human liver and kidneys located?
The liver and kidneys are important organs of human digestion. They cleanse food of harmful substances and absorb harmful microelements.
The liver is located in the right upper quarter of the abdomen. Its upper edge is located approximately at the level of the right nipple, under the diaphragm, and the lower edge reaches 11-12 pairs of ribs.
The human kidneys are located near the lower back, on either side of the spine. In men, the kidneys are located between 3 and 11 vertebrae, and in women between 2 and 10. The left kidney is located above the right, reaches the base of the spleen and 11-12 pairs of ribs and its upper part is in contact with the diaphragm, and the right one is at the level of the right rib 12 couples.
The distance between the ends of the buds is 8-11 cm.
Video: Kidney treatment - Kidney pain
Video: Human body. Liver (hepar).
xn--80afdbdu6aj3aj3a9j.xn--p1ai
What needs to be done?
If at least one of the listed symptoms is familiar, it is important to visit a doctor as soon as possible. Timely and adequate treatment of the liver is a guarantee of further fulfilling life.
First aid for pain
Before going to the doctor, when it is necessary to relieve a painful condition, you can use special medications that relieve spasm and severe pain. Such remedies may be No-Shpa or Papaverine.
No-Shpa
Intramuscular administration of the drug is preferable; injections quickly relieve spasms and alleviate the condition. However, it is necessary to take into account that No-Shpa is not used for liver failure.
The adult dosage ranges from 40 to 240 mg per day, with injections given from one to three times a day. An effective one-time dosage for colic is from 40 to 80 mg.
Papaverine
Papaverine injections are also prescribed to suppress spastic pain. The direct purpose of the drug is to relax the smooth muscles of the digestive and genitourinary systems. Just like in the situation with No-shpa, the use of Papaverine in case of liver failure is contraindicated.
Papaverine can be administered subcutaneously, intramuscularly and intravenously.
- For subcutaneous administration, as a rule, 0.5-2, maximum 5 ml of the drug is recommended, not exceeding the daily dosage of 15 ml;
- The intramuscular dosage for an adult is also from 0.5 to 2 ml, the maximum is 5 ml, the maximum daily dosage is 15 ml;
- Papaverine is administered intravenously dissolved in saline solution, the highest daily volume of the administered drug is 6 ml.
Analgin
It is not recommended to take Analgin on your own, because this can dull sensations, change the signs of the disease, which, in fact, misleads the doctor, and also creates additional stress on the liver.
Analgin by injection relieves pain better; if the doctor deems it necessary, he can prescribe 1 or 2 ml of the drug.
If the pain is intense and difficult to endure, you must call an ambulance and do not refuse transportation to the hospital.
Disease Prevention
In the modern world, fast food – fast food, carbonated drinks – seems very attractive to many. But do we ever think about the harm they cause to our liver? Another factor that provokes liver disease is smoking and alcohol. Taking care of the health of the liver and if you do not want to find out how the liver hurts, it is recommended to abandon the factors that provoke the development of the disease - alcohol, smoking, harmful drugs.
Take a healthy lifestyle and adhere to proper nutrition as a basis. The psychological state also plays an important role. To prevent diseases, stress and psychological stress should be avoided. The liver is very vulnerable, and excessive stress in the form of poor nutrition or stress only worsens the situation.
To maintain good liver health, you need to eat orange and red fruits and vegetables. The pectin and kerotene they contain help with liver function. They help remove harmful substances from the body, which reduces the load on the liver. Particularly noteworthy are products such as pumpkin, olive oil, and natural honey. Which are useful for the tireless worker of our body - the liver.
Recently popular smoothies can be used to support liver function. If you make a smoothie from sweet and sour apricots, it will not only benefit the liver, but also saturate the body with vitamins. However, it should also be remembered that the fiber contained in apricots leads to increased intestinal activity.
Also, to maintain liver function, you should avoid fast foods, fatty foods and sugar. The most beneficial foods for the liver are lean meats and sugar-free fermented milk products such as kefir, cottage cheese, and sour cream. Pasta made from durum wheat, as well as porridge from buckwheat, pearl barley, millet, and oatmeal.
Sugar contained in carbonated drinks and juices is very dangerous. By adhering to these rules, you can prolong youth and proper functioning of the liver until old age. However, maintaining a healthy lifestyle and proper nutrition cannot guarantee liver health, since negative environmental factors also play an important role.
Feeling of heaviness, nagging and aching pain
Heaviness in the right side accompanies most diseases associated with the intestines. If the patient experiences discomfort, then it makes sense to check the body for infections, dysbiosis, colitis, stomach ulcers and cancer. If intestinal function is disrupted, stool is disrupted, bad after eating, nausea and vomiting may occur. The cause of severity is problems with the kidneys and adrenal glands.
A nagging pain in the right side occurs if the patient has developed:
Heaviness in the right side accompanies most bowel-related diseases
- Right-sided adnexitis. High fever and chills appear.
- Apoplexy of the ovary. The pain is paroxysmal and does not radiate to other parts of the body.
- Ectopic pregnancy.
- Torsion of the ovarian stalk.
Aching pain in the right side can be of two types - constant and intermittent. My right side is constantly aching due to cancer, a cyst, or a broken bone. The right side may ache intermittently with hepatitis, cholecystitis, cholangitis, colitis, intestinal diverticulosis and parasites.
Symptom difference
If you don’t know what’s hurting you, your lower back or your kidneys, how can you determine the cause without visiting a doctor? To do this, you need to imagine where the internal organ is located, and also know about the differences in the pathogenesis of inflammation and lumbar osteochondrosis. If you compare the main symptoms of ailments, you can identify clear differences. As we have already said, pain in the kidneys manifests itself at rest, and especially at night. While osteochondrosis makes itself felt during or after physical activity. Thus, you can first diagnose yourself.
How to determine whether the kidneys or back hurt if the inflammation in the body has not developed into a chronic form? In this case, monitor your condition while doing homework. When bending over or lifting heavy objects, osteochondrosis immediately makes itself felt. But severe pain with kidney disease rarely occurs. For example, when, against the background of an inflammatory process, a person’s lower back is blown out. In most cases, inflammation occurs without pronounced pain symptoms. Often, with kidney disease, the pain may not be felt in the lower back itself, but moves slightly higher or goes down to the hip joints.
Diagnostics
Using laboratory tests of diagnostic procedures, a qualified specialist can identify liver pathology in the early stages of disease development. The treatment system will be determined depending on what caused the pain after diagnostic measures.
Types of diagnostic procedures that a doctor will prescribe for patients with liver pain:
- Laparoscopy;
- Biopsy;
- Ultrasound;
- MRI;
- CT;
- General and biochemical blood test;
- Tests for viral hepatitis and cancer;
- Genetic research;
- Immunological tests.
Treatment is selected individually, based on the results of these tests.
What functions does the liver perform?
We have already said that the liver is extremely important, but what functions does it perform? And the functions of the liver are to filter the blood from various toxins and harmful substances that enter the body with food. Harmful substances that enter the body through the liver are neutralized and eliminated.
The liver constantly produces bile. Bile is necessary for humans to maintain the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. The liver is also involved in the synthesis of hormones and is also involved in the metabolic process. And these are not all the functions in which the liver is involved.
Liver diseases: causes of pain
Abscess
A formation with purulent accumulations appears in the tissues of the gland. It appears due to cholecystitis and cholelithiasis. The location of the formation can be determined by pain in one area or another. It is necessary to urgently consult a doctor, because if the formation breaks through, there will be serious consequences.
Hepatitis
Hepatitis is an inflammatory process. It can be viral, toxic or autoimmune. It can be determined by the enlarged size of the liver. Due to changes in the structure of the liver, cirrhosis develops.
Cirrhosis
This disease has the potential to be fatal. The gland enlarges due to the proliferation of connective tissue in its structure. And also, the exocrine gland stops functioning. Liver cirrhosis is asymptomatic for a long time. But at the beginning of the development of the disease, minor changes in the person’s condition may appear: fatigue, lethargy, irritability.
Liver failure
With this pathology, the organ is almost unable to fulfill its role. This is fraught with consequences for the functioning of the entire organism.
In addition to these diseases, there are other causes of pain in the liver:
- pregnancy;
- hormonal drugs;
- steroids;
- eating fatty and fried foods;
- daily alcohol consumption.
Let's talk about alcohol separately.
Alcohol and liver (Alcoholic cirrhosis, Alcoholic hepatitis)
Every person knows that alcoholic drinks destroy liver cells, causing alcoholic cirrhosis and alcoholic hepatitis. Since men are exposed to bad habits more often than women, their risk of serious illness caused by alcohol is higher.
However, alcoholism in the weaker sex develops many times faster than in men. Accordingly, diseases of the gland and other organs develop more intensively in women than in men. It is worth emphasizing that female alcoholism is incurable.
With the systematic consumption of alcoholic beverages, gland cells die and are replaced by connective tissue. An inflammatory process develops, in which the organ grows and puts pressure on neighboring organs, which causes pain. It will take a lot of time for the liver to recover and, most importantly, to forget about alcohol forever.
Help in making a diagnosis for pain in the right hypochondrium
Each person can independently, by observation, help in making the correct diagnosis. Why do you need:
- Determine as accurately as possible where it hurts.
- Identify all the points where the pain spreads.
- Record the strength of pain.
- Understand the nature - constant pain or paroxysmal pain. Place of localization, aches, pulls, shoots or encircles.
- Determine what factors influence the increase in pain: deep inhalation or exhalation, coughing, sudden movements, sneezing.
- Find out what helps reduce pain or get rid of it completely: heat or cold, medications or keeping the body in a certain position.
