Daily diuresis during pregnancy norm table example

In the process of bearing a child, a woman has to regularly take tests and undergo various diagnostic examinations. Experts can assess the health of the expectant mother and the unborn child by the amount and biochemical composition of urine excreted. It is important to find out exactly how to collect daily urine during pregnancy. Proper preparation for analysis will allow you to obtain the most accurate results.

Urine released per day contains substances that allow you to evaluate the functioning of the kidneys, urinary system, liver, heart and blood vessels. With the help of such a study, you can easily identify the inflammatory process in the body.

The daily urine intake for pregnant women in liters is 1-2 liters. The run-up is quite large. The volume of urine depends on the drinking regime, the duration of pregnancy, and the presence of concomitant pathologies. If your analysis is significantly more or less than normal, do not rush to panic. Doctors will prescribe additional research and give advice on correcting your diet and drinking regime.

Pregnant women often have to submit daily urine for laboratory analysis. There are several studies that require 24-hour urine collection:

• Study of daily diuresis. This analysis shows fluid retention in the body of the expectant mother. Allows you to determine the cause of toxicosis and severe swelling.
• Analysis for the identification of protein elements. This type of diagnosis is prescribed to patients with symptoms of nephropathy or late toxicosis.
• Study of the glucosuric profile of urine. The analysis shows the quality of carbohydrate metabolism. Prescribed in the presence of symptoms of gestational diabetes mellitus.
• Analysis according to Zimnitsky. In the laboratory, specialists study separately 24-hour, daytime, and nighttime urine.

The doctor usually explains correctly how to donate daily urine during pregnancy. Collect the discharge in a clean, sterile container. You can buy such a jar, with a volume of at least 2 liters, at any pharmacy. There is no need to send all your urine to the laboratory.

The liquid is mixed well and poured into a container with a volume of 100 - 150 ml. All urine collected per day may be needed in rare cases, only as prescribed by the gynecologist.

There are several simple rules for collecting daily urine, compliance with which will allow you to obtain the most accurate results.

• Use only clean, dry containers with tight-fitting lids.
• All urine excreted during the day should be collected in a jar.
• Urine should be stored in the refrigerator.
• After collecting the last portion of urine output, go to the hospital immediately. Tests can be transported without refrigeration for a maximum of 2 hours.

To facilitate the process of collecting daily urine from pregnant women, you can buy a special kit at the pharmacy. This kit consists of a container with marks applied to it, a transfer tube and a test tube. Remember that before visiting the toilet you need to carry out intimate hygiene every time to prevent the penetration of vaginal microflora into the biomaterial.

Norms

If all processes in a pregnant woman’s body proceed normally, she produces 1-2 liters of urine per day. In winter, these indicators are within the lower limits, and in hot weather with heavy drinking they increase. During the process of bearing a child, the patient’s kidneys experience increased stress, as they need to remove harmful substances from the body of the woman and the fetus.

If urine output is less than normal, oliguria is diagnosed. This alarming symptom can signal kidney pathologies, fluid accumulation in tissues, and poor diet.

Exceeding the daily urine norm is called polyguria. The cause of such symptoms may be the initial stage of diabetes mellitus, impaired functioning of the renal tubules.

Every pregnant woman must ensure compliance with the drinking regime. It is recommended to drink at least 1.5-2 liters of clean water per day. If you have to collect discharge during the day for analysis, carefully record the amount of liquid you drink per day, first courses and fruits eaten. In the absence of pathologies, about 80% of the fluid entering the body is excreted with urine, and the rest comes out with sweat and breathing.

General information

The most important function of the renal apparatus is to remove metabolic products and excess fluid from the body. Two million nephrons work tirelessly to filter blood plasma and form primary urine. The latter, passing through the tubes, undergoes concentration and reabsorption, turning into the urine that is familiar to everyone. Its composition and quantity are determined by homeostasis processes, but can vary within certain limits without going beyond the permissible limits.

Diuresis is the amount of urine excreted by a person over a certain period of time. Most often we are talking about a period limited to 24 hours, but sometimes a more in-depth analysis of urination is required, for example, within one minute. There are also daytime and nighttime diuresis. Such research is an important component in determining the water balance in the body.

Indications for analysis

Not all patients understand the importance of laboratory testing of 24-hour urine. Doctors prescribe such diagnostics to determine the specific gravity of urine and identify the ratio of substances in biological fluid. Diuresis releases glucose, salts, creatinine, bilirubin and other components. Each indicator provides specialists with information about the health status of the expectant mother and fetus.

• Creatinine. The amount of this substance in the urine can determine the quality of kidney function. If there is too much of it, one can assume the development of an inflammatory process, the initial stage of renal failure. These diseases do not show obvious symptoms at an early stage, so diagnosing them can be quite difficult.
• Urobilin. The substance allows you to evaluate the functioning of the liver and gallbladder. With the help of laboratory research, various dangerous pathologies and congestion can be identified.
• Glucose. A healthy patient should not have this substance in her urine. If glucose has been detected, the pregnant woman’s blood must be further examined in the laboratory to rule out the development of diabetes mellitus. Sometimes such an alarm turns out to be false.

In late pregnancy, a woman may develop gestosis. This pathology is accompanied by the appearance of ketone bodies in urine. If the fetus experiences a lack of glucose at night, fats are broken down in the pregnant woman’s body, and acetone appears in the morning urine.

The permissible protein content in daily urine is 0.03 g/l. If this indicator exceeds the norm, you need to undergo additional examination of the kidneys, since such a symptom occurs when inflammation develops. High protein content is observed with glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, kidney failure or gestosis.

Preparation and collection of urine

To obtain the most accurate and reliable test results, you need to collect urine correctly and follow several important rules. Be sure to pay attention to your diet. You should exclude too spicy and salty foods from your daily menu. Smoked foods and products containing dye are prohibited. On the day of urine collection, drink at least 1.5 - 2 liters. liquids. This may include teas, fruit juices, and first courses.

The first morning portion of urine is not collected in a container, but the time of urination must be recorded. In a notebook, also write down the amount of liquid you drink (approximately).

Collecting urine for the Zimnitsky test

If a pregnant woman experiences symptoms of the development of kidney pathologies, the doctor recommends a laboratory test of urine using the Zimnitsky method. It is necessary to collect secretions for such analysis according to a certain schedule. We collect a portion of urine at a certain time, the secretions are distributed into different containers.

You will need about 8 tightly sealed jars. We visit the toilet for the first time at 6-00 in the morning, but we don’t collect urine. The time of urination is recorded. Then we go to the toilet every 3 hours, each time collecting the waste in separate containers. If any containers are left empty, they must also be submitted to the laboratory, indicating the time of the expected urination, which did not occur.

Study of glucosuric profile

In late pregnancy, the risk of glucose entering the urine is quite high. It is because of this that at this stage doctors recommend studying the daily glucosuric urine profile. The increasing size of the fetus affects the functioning of the pancreas and kidneys.

Diuresis should be collected according to the following scheme.

• The first morning urination is performed in the toilet. We fix the time.
• We collect the first portion of urine in the morning (from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m.).
• The second portion is placed in the container (from 14 to 19 hours).
• Third evening gathering (from 19 to 23 hours).
• Night collection (from 23 to 4 am).
• The last container is filled from 6 to 9 am.

All portions of collected urine cannot be mixed with each other; they must be stored in the refrigerator. If the results of the study differ from the norm, doctors can assume the development of pathologies of the kidneys, adrenal glands, diabetes mellitus, and the development of physiological abnormalities. To make a more accurate diagnosis, you need to additionally donate blood for sugar.

Protein test

Late toxicosis or gestosis often plagues pregnant women in the later stages. This complication is often diagnosed in patients who have any chronic pathologies. If gestosis is suspected, a 24-hour urine test for protein elements is prescribed. A woman can also evaluate her urine visually - if it changes color, becomes cloudy, or sediment appears, most likely it contains a lot of protein.

For pregnant women, contents of up to 0.03 g/l are allowed. protein structures. If there are many more of them, then the kidneys are not functioning properly. This is due to increased load and inflammatory processes in the organs of the genitourinary system. If such results persist for a long time, hospitalization of the patient is necessary. Doctors will do everything possible to normalize kidney function and maintain pregnancy.

For such a laboratory test, you will need a small portion of daily urine. Doctors study the discharge for transparency, density, and color. In any case, a woman should not worry too much. Trust the doctor, and under no circumstances self-medicate. In some cases, to normalize the indicators, a special diet and a course of medications that will not harm the fetus will be sufficient.

Urine collection according to Zimnitsky in pregnant women

Urine according to Zimnitsky during pregnancy is most often prescribed for suspected kidney problems.

When prescribing this analysis, the rules for collection and delivery are different: collection occurs at strictly defined hours, and portions are not mixed, each is stored in its own jar. All jars are delivered to the laboratory.

Prepare 8 containers. You should go to the toilet for the first time at 6 a.m.; you do not need to collect this portion. The time of first urination should be recorded. Then the scheme is as follows: the day is divided into 8 time intervals of 3 hours. All urine released within 3 hours is collected in one container.

Editor

Update date: 10/01/2018, next update date: 10/01/2021

Any woman, expecting the birth of a baby, cares about the successful completion of pregnancy. Numerous diagnostic tests that the expectant mother has to undergo are designed to help control the course of the pregnancy period.

One of the most informative methods is urine analysis. The results of this test allow qualified specialists to accurately diagnose the pathological process, begin a course of treatment in a timely manner and eliminate the threat of complications that could affect the child’s health. A pregnant woman has to collect urine for research regularly - monthly until the 20th obstetric week, once every two weeks - from the 21st, weekly - from the 27th until childbirth.

In addition to general clinical analysis, practicing medical specialists quite often prescribe additional urine tests - this biological substance can characterize the lifestyle of a pregnant woman and her diet. To perform this type of analysis, biological material must be collected within 24 hours.

In our article we want to tell you how to correctly collect a daily urine test during pregnancy, in what cases such a study is carried out and what its indicators indicate.

What is recommended for pregnant women to normalize diuresis?

To diagnose a serious pathological process, it is necessary to undergo a comprehensive examination, including instrumental and laboratory tests. After clarifying the diagnosis, a qualified specialist will prescribe a rational course of therapeutic therapy.

The main foods in a pregnant woman's diet should be porridge, salads seasoned with vegetable oil, fermented milk products, boiled fish and meat.

In order not to experience a constant feeling of thirst, the expectant mother needs to exclude smoked, spicy, salty, fatty, spicy, and overly sweet foods from her diet. In addition to dietary nutrition, it is necessary to strengthen the walls of blood vessels and improve blood circulation. For these purposes, the doctor who monitors the woman during pregnancy will prescribe the necessary vitamins and medications.

In conclusion of all of the above, I would like to emphasize that the course of pregnancy largely depends on the woman’s lifestyle. It is important to remember that the nine months spent waiting for the baby and improving the health of your body should be spent for the benefit of the child’s health and for your own beauty and benefit.

How to normalize diuresis?

The cause of abnormal diuresis can be determined by a doctor after a complete medical examination of the patient. After the final diagnosis is established, the specialist will prescribe treatment therapy with the possible use of diuretics during pregnancy.

An integrated approach to treatment involves changing the pregnant woman’s lifestyle. To normalize diuresis, you will have to give up overly spicy, sweet and salty foods so as not to experience a regular feeling of thirst. You can use folk recipes for diuretics - a decoction of rosehip or cranberry. In addition to normalizing water balance, they perfectly strengthen the immune system due to the high concentration of vitamin C in their composition.

To regulate diuresis, it is recommended to use multivitamin mineral complexes. Vitamins strengthen the walls of blood vessels, gently remove excess moisture from tissues and organs, and normalize blood circulation.

The quality of life of the child inside the womb directly depends on the general condition of the body and the well-being of the pregnant woman. It’s not for nothing that pregnant women regularly visit a gynecologist and undergo all kinds of tests and examinations for 9 months.

Careful monitoring by doctors and the pregnant woman herself allows the unborn baby to be born healthy. The most informative tests are blood and urine tests; in particular, doctors pay attention to daily diuresis during pregnancy.

Why do you need a 24-hour urine test?

Usually, in order to monitor the health of the expectant mother and diagnose possible diseases, a clinical urine test collected in the morning is performed. However, if a woman is suspected of having dysfunction of internal organs, which requires monitoring of diuresis (the volume of urine excreted over a certain time) or biochemical parameters of urine, a 24-hour urine test is prescribed.

The most common specific tests are:

• determination of daily diuresis - it is recommended if the expectant mother has edema, the analysis allows you to estimate the volume of fluid that is retained in the female body;
• glucouric profile - prescribed when a high concentration of glucose is detected in a general urine test;
• determining the concentration of such an important biochemical indicator as total protein, the value of which allows the doctor to assess the functional activity of the internal organs and systems of the expectant mother.

How to collect urine during the day?

As with the collection of biological fluid for general analysis, there are also clear requirements for daily urine testing, failure to comply with which will lead to inaccurate final data and, accordingly, to an incorrect diagnosis.

That is why, on the eve of collecting urine, a woman needs to:

• prepare a container for the biomaterial - this can be a special container purchased at a pharmacy, or an ordinary large glass container that needs to be thoroughly disinfected;
• exclude salty, spicy and smoked foods from the diet, as well as foods that can affect the color of urine (carrots, rhubarb, cherries, beets).

There are special kits on sale, they include a container with symbols in liters, a container for urination and transferring biological fluid to a large container, a urine stabilizer (20% hydrochloric acid solution) and a plastic cup for collecting biomaterial from a large container.

To correctly pass a 24-hour urine test, a pregnant woman needs:

1. Release the first portion of urine in the morning into the toilet, but be sure to record the exact time of urination.
2. Before each urination, perform thorough hygiene of the external genitalia.
3. After each emptying of the bladder, add the resulting biological fluid to a prepared large container.
4. Record the entire volume of liquid consumed within 24 hours (including first courses, juices, tea).
5. Store biomaterial in a cool, dark place (temperature should not exceed +8 degrees).
6. The last collection of urine should occur after the first one was missed, for example - if urination began at 7.00, and this portion was not placed in the container, the collection procedure must be completed at 7.00 of the next day.
7. It is necessary to donate the collected biological fluid as soon as possible after the last emptying of the bladder, otherwise the test results may be inaccurate.

And now we want to sequentially consider the studies that are carried out from 24-hour urine.

Rules for collecting urine to study daily diuresis in the laboratory

In order for the result of calculating the ratio of urine excreted per day and fluid consumed to be the most reliable, it is necessary to conduct a laboratory test. Its final data will allow the doctor to accurately identify the causes of problems with the organs of the urinary system.

To do this, first of all, a pregnant woman should know the rules for collecting biological material:

1. It is recommended to purchase from a pharmacy chain a canister with a handle made of unpainted plastic, a sealed lid and a division scale applied to one side - this allows you to control the amount of biological substance. If it is impossible to purchase such a container, it is allowed to collect the biomaterial in a glass jar with a volume of at least 2 liters; it must be thoroughly disinfected and a tight lid must be selected.
2. Before each bladder emptying, you should wash your external genitalia.
3. The very first portion of urine is released into the toilet and the time of urination is recorded.
4. Next, you need to collect all the portions, without exception.
5. The last time the bladder is emptied is the same hour as the first.
6. Store biological material in a cool, dark place.
7. In parallel with urine collection, fluid intake is recorded.
8. Biological material must be delivered to the laboratory center as soon as possible after the last emptying of the bladder - you can donate the entire contents of the container, or you can record the volume of urine and pour it into a special small container (about 100 ml), after mixing it first.

In laboratory conditions, the specific gravity and reaction of the urine environment, the concentration of total protein, glucose, ketone and urobilin bodies are determined, and the composition of the urinary sediment is studied under a microscope - this will provide a complete picture of the functional activity of the urinary system.

Daily diuresis

A certain amount of urine that is excreted from the body in 24 hours is called daily diuresis. It is this value that is an important parameter of the course of pregnancy. Due to the increasing need for fluid, the frequency of urination should increase.

Any deviations from normal values ​​indicate that the woman has impaired renal function. That is why practicing obstetricians and gynecologists pay special attention to the amount of urine released per day. Early diagnosis and timely treatment will help avoid possible complications.

Diuresis is calculated using the following algorithm: about 80% of the fluid is excreted from the female body with urine, the remaining 20% ​​is excreted by the sweat glands.

The daily norm is calculated taking into account the increased fluid intake of a pregnant woman and the increased frequency of urination within 24 hours. A figure of 1.5 to 2 liters is considered normal.

Deviations from the norm are not observed if the expectant mother does not have any chronic diseases of the endocrine organs and urinary system, as well as complications during pregnancy.

The change in daily diuresis is influenced by such a pathological condition as gestosis (late toxicosis), which is characterized by:

• persistent deterioration in the woman’s general well-being;
• nausea and vomiting;
• persistent arterial hypertension;
• the presence of swelling in the extremities;
• excessive weight gain;
• convulsions;
• proteinuria (removal of protein from the body in the urine).

There are the following types of violations of daily urine output:

1. An increase in the volume of excreted biological fluid to 3.5 liters is polyuria. Most often, this phenomenon is observed with a persistent increase in blood pressure and diseases of the endocrine system.
2. A significant decrease in the amount of urine is oliguria. This pathological condition develops when the female body is dehydrated with frequent vomiting or diarrhea, inflammation of the renal parenchyma, hemolytic anemia, and blockage of the lumens of blood vessels (embolism).
3. Lack of urination is anuria, which indicates the development of serious pathologies in the female body.

The causes of these conditions are both physiological and pathological factors. Any changes in daily diuresis cause anxiety in expectant mothers. However, you should not give in to panic - first of all, you need to consult with an experienced specialist and undergo a comprehensive examination.

The amount of urine excreted by a person over a certain period of time is called diuresis. Measuring its indicators allows you to assess the ability of the kidneys to concentrate and excrete urine.

A woman carrying a child undergoes many different blood and urine tests, which provide constant monitoring of her health. One of the most common methods of examination during pregnancy is to study the parameters of daily diuresis - the volume of urine excreted by the expectant mother within 24 hours.

The results of assessing the daily norm of urine allow us to draw a conclusion about the amount of water consumed by a pregnant woman, the intensity of the functional activity of the sweat glands and urinary organs. In our article we will provide answers to the following questions:

1. Why is it important to know the rate of daily diuresis during pregnancy?
2. How to properly collect biological material for research?
3. What amount of urine excreted during the day is considered normal?
4. What are the reasons for deviations from the norm?

Reasons for deviations

During pregnancy, as a result of the active production of the hormone progesterone, some problems with fluid excretion are possible. Progesterone is responsible for the active saturation of tissues and organs with moisture. Due to the restructuring of the body, abundant fluid consumption may be observed - up to 2.5 liters of fluid per day, which is not a pathology.

If less than 70% of the volume of liquid drunk per day is excreted in the urine, we can talk about possible problems. A change in diuresis can be observed both in volumetric ratio and hourly - at night a pregnant woman goes to the toilet more often than during the day.

Deviation of diuresis from the norm is expressed in the following terms:

• polyuria (the amount of urine excreted exceeds 2.5 liters);
• oliguria (diuresis less than 0.5 liters);
• anuria (complete absence of urine, or slight discharge of less than 50 ml in 24 hours);
• nocturia (night diuresis is 2/3 or more of daily urine output).

Abnormal diuresis may be caused by:

• late toxicosis, in which all consumed moisture is excreted with vomit, which threatens dehydration;
• renal pathology (pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, ischemic nephropathy, etc.);
• diseases of the endocrine system (diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders);
• arterial hypertension;
• thrombosis of renal vessels;
• hemolytic disease;
• heavy metal intoxication.

In case of dehydration or suspected renal pathology, an additional test for protein in the urine is prescribed. Proteinuria (the release of protein in urine) can be both physiological and pathological. In the second case, the patient must be prescribed treatment.

Daily diuresis during pregnancy

Determining the volume of urine excreted by the expectant mother is very important. Normally, its value ranges from 60 to 80% of the amount of fluid consumed. If negative diuresis predominates, a pregnant woman may experience swelling of the lower extremities. After normalization of the water regime and diet, this phenomenon disappears within a few days.

Practicing obstetricians and gynecologists believe that the amount of fluid a pregnant woman consumes is the amount she should excrete - otherwise edema will appear.

In most cases, impaired urinary excretion develops at the 22nd obstetric week. At this time, the fetus is large, the uterus increases significantly in size and puts pressure on the urinary tract, making it difficult to excrete urine. Very often, pregnant women are interested in knowing how much fluid they can consume and how to calculate the formula for the ratio of urine filtration and reabsorption?

Determination of daily diuresis is usually carried out in a hospital setting. In modern medicine, for these purposes, there are many specific urine samples according to the methods of Zimnitsky, Addis-Kakovsky, Nechiporenko.

In order to correctly calculate the amount of urine excreted per day at home, there is a certain method - a diuresis tracking table. It records the time and amount of fluid consumed and excreted.

Let's present a small example for your consideration.

Calculating daily diuresis is an important part of diagnosing the condition of pregnant women.

For accurate accounting, you need to remember that water is also contained in first and second courses, bread, fruits, and desserts. The main task is to calculate it correctly - on most products, the amount of liquid is indicated on the packaging.

Qualified specialists advise pregnant women to consume foods that have diuretic properties - buckwheat, watermelon, melon, berries.

Table of norms

Any concept of norm is always conditional. The “norm” is usually taken to be the statistical average. The tables below are provided as an example for comparison.

An approximate table for recording daily diuresis:

Table 1

Possible ratio of fluid intake/excretion:

Table 2

Water content:

Table 3

Table No. 3 presents approximate data. To accurately determine the water balance, you should pay attention to the packaging of each product, where manufacturers usually indicate the composition, including the level of water content.

Glucosuric profile

During pregnancy, serious changes occur in the female body, the work of internal organs occurs at an accelerated pace. Active functional activity of the kidneys in some cases leads to the release of glucose in the urine. This phenomenon is designated by the medical term “glucosuria” and can be caused by various reasons.

In healthy pregnant women, urinary sugar excretion is not pronounced and cannot be determined using conventional laboratory techniques. In some cases, the symptom of renal glucosuria is observed as part of tubulopathies (kidney diseases with damage to the tubular system and impairment of their function).

The causes of pathological glycosuria are renal dysfunction caused by concomitant chronic diseases. Risk factors for the female body's susceptibility to glucose excretion in urine are considered to be the presence of:

• genetic predisposition to diabetes;
• acute pancreatitis;
• poisoning of various origins;
• extrarenal glucosuria;
• carbohydrate absorption disorders;
• fetal weight more than 4.5 kg;
• pregnancy after 35 years;
• abnormalities of fetal development.

To diagnose glucosuria and clinically differentiate diabetes mellitus from physiological conditions, a profile glucosuric study is used, which allows assessing the increase or decrease in sugar excretion in daily urine. To perform this analysis, it is necessary to examine the glucose concentration in 3 portions of biological fluid.

On the eve of collecting biomaterial, a pregnant woman needs to limit her consumption of sweets and foods containing large amounts of carbohydrates and prepare three large, clean containers.

Samples for testing are collected as follows:

• at 7.00 a woman empties her bladder into the toilet;
• all subsequent portions of urine from 7.00 to 15.00 are collected in the first container;
• from 15.00 to 13.00 - to the second container;
• from 23.00 to 7.00 - on the third.

The normal level of glucose in daily urine is from 105 to 120 ml/min. An increase in concentration indicates the presence of such diseases in a pregnant woman as:

• disorders of the cardiac and vascular systems;
• diabetes;
• Itsenko-Cushing's disease;
• adrenal insufficiency.

Protein level determination

A certain amount of total protein in urine can be found in every person. During pregnancy, the normal value of this indicator is considered to be a concentration of up to 0.03 g/l. An increase in this figure is referred to as “proteinuria.”

However, this phenomenon is not only a sign of a pathological process (cystitis, urethritis, nephritis), but may also have physiological causes:

• the predominance in the diet of a pregnant woman of a large amount of protein foods - dairy and meat products;
• severe stress;
• moral exhaustion due to worries about the upcoming birth.

The conditions for collecting biological fluid are simple and differ little from all the above rules. It is important for a pregnant woman to control urination; on the eve of collecting urine, exclude salty and acidic foods from the diet and limit meat consumption.

Before each emptying of the bladder, you need to wash the external genitalia; all portions of urine are collected in a large container prepared in advance. On the morning of the next day, the last portion is collected, the total volume is measured, then the urine is poured into a special small container in the amount of 100–150 ml and delivered for analysis.

Of course, carrying out constant examinations is not a very pleasant companion to pregnancy, but the positive aspects of the period of waiting for the baby to be born will smooth out these sensations - you need to remember that many changes in health status can be easily diagnosed by the state of urine. In conclusion of all of the above, I would like to note that it is very important to donate urine for research to proven modern laboratory centers.

To fully control her situation, a pregnant woman is forced to undergo a large number of tests prescribed by the gynecologist managing the pregnancy. One of the most frequently performed tests is a urine test.

It is its results that become a signal for further action if there is a threat to the health of mother and baby. When the results of a general urine test are not enough to provide a complete picture of the pregnancy process, a 24-hour urine test may be prescribed during pregnancy. It helps to evaluate the physicochemical, microbiological and bacteriological characteristics of urine.

How to prepare for a urine test?

The research results are informative only if the woman is properly prepared for urine collection. It is necessary to know not only the collection rules, but also the rules of hygiene procedures, as well as nutritional features:

• You should not consume beets, multivitamins and other foods that change the color of your urine in the evening: a specialist may draw the wrong conclusions.
• urine is collected in the morning after waking up, on an empty stomach. You cannot submit urine for analysis after an ultrasound with a full bladder.
• Before collection, you should thoroughly wash your hands with soap and wash your genitals with warm water from front to back (to prevent pathogenic microflora from entering the vagina from the anus).
• a jar for collecting urine should be prepared in the evening: thoroughly washed with soap, sterilized and dried, sticking a label on it with your name, age and date. You can purchase sterile plastic jars at the pharmacy in advance (if your consultation does not provide them for free).

What is the daily urine rate

The daily norm refers to the total volume of urine excreted by a person. On average it is about 2000 ml. This figure is approximate, since each person is individual. In pregnant women, the number of urination increases significantly due to the growing uterus, which puts pressure on the bladder.

Examination of the biomaterial collected per day helps to assess the excretory function of the kidneys. In a word, do the kidneys remove the required amount of fluid, or is it retained in the body of a pregnant woman, which leads to edema and complications in the form of gestosis.

It is very important that within 24 hours the body removes 3/4 of all the fluid that entered the body during the day. This is the norm. Any deviation in the direction of a decrease or increase in urinary output, combined with altered urine characteristics, is regarded by the doctor as a sign of a possible pathology.

It is important that an increase in diuresis in the third trimester of pregnancy is not a pathology and is associated with physiological changes in the body of a pregnant woman.

Daily urine tested in laboratory conditions will indicate the exact amount of substances excreted by the kidneys during the day. Clinical examination of urine cannot reveal such details.

The essence of the analysis

Daily diuresis is the amount of urine, measured in liters, that was excreted by a woman’s body in 24 hours. As the pregnancy progresses, the fetus grows and the uterus expands, putting pressure on the kidneys and bladder. Analysis of diuresis is extremely important for a pregnant woman, since during pregnancy the body's need for fluid increases. It is necessary that all the water you drink can be excreted in the form of urine. Fluid stagnation leads to swelling of the limbs and other health problems for the expectant mother and child.

The result of a urine urine test will provide the doctor with the following information:

• how much fluid does a pregnant woman consume;
• how the kidneys cope;
• Are there any deviations in the regulation of the body’s water-salt balance?

Rules for collecting daily urine during pregnancy

In order for the result to be as reliable as possible and the doctor to be able to determine the cause of the kidney problem, it is important to know how to correctly collect biomaterial for a daily urine test during pregnancy.

Selection of dishes for biomaterial

To collect urine, you should purchase a whole set of containers at specialized pharmacies.

1. A canister made of unpainted plastic with a tight-fitting lid and a graduation scale on one side. This will make it more convenient for a woman to control the volume of collected material. Such a container must have a handle so that you can hold the canister with one hand. The volume of this container is 2500 ml. Material is collected into it throughout the day.
2. A plastic glass with a volume of up to 150 ml into which part of the urine collected during the day is poured. In it, the urine is sent to the laboratory.
3. Transfer tube. Used to transfer urine from one container to another.
4. Bottle with stabilizer.

When it is not possible to purchase such a container, it is permissible to collect the material in an ordinary glass jar with a volume of 2 or 3 liters. Depending on the expected number of urinations. The jar is thoroughly disinfected and an airtight lid is selected for it. With all this, the bank will not be able to guarantee high-quality storage of urine. Any impurity, cooling or overheating completely eliminates a reliable result.

Algorithm for collecting biomaterial

Daily urine during pregnancy is collected according to strict rules. Ignoring them can lead to false results, incorrect diagnosis and inappropriate treatment.

1. Complete exclusion of spicy, smoked foods the day before urine testing. Coloring foods and alcohol are not allowed. Temporarily stop taking diuretics and any vitamins.
2. Carry out thorough hygiene of the genitals. This is done before every trip to the toilet.
3. It is advisable to cover the vaginal opening with a tampon or cotton pad during urination. This will prevent genital secretions from entering the urine.
4. You need to collect ALL portions. Otherwise, the study is not practical.

We begin to collect urine in a prepared large container:

• The first, earliest portion of urine is passed. The time is fixed.
• Next, all the urine that comes out during the day is collected, without exception.
• The last portion of urine is collected after 24 hours at exactly the same time as the first. For example, the first missed portion is noted at 5.30, which means the last urine should be collected the next day at exactly 5.30.
• The daily collection is stored on the lowest darkened shelf of the refrigerator. It cannot be frozen.
• It is best to submit the collected material to the laboratory immediately after the last urination.
• You can return the entire container, or pour 150 ml from it into a special glass. Shake thoroughly before doing this.

Of course, during pregnancy it is more difficult than ever to pass such a test, as the number of urinations increases. But you need to be patient and pass the entire daily requirement without missing a single urine output. This is the only way to obtain reliable and high-quality results.

Brief recommendations for pregnant women to normalize diuresis

For diagnostic purposes, if a pathology is suspected, a woman needs to undergo a series of examinations. After making the final conclusion, the attending physician, if necessary, will prescribe medications according to an individual regimen.

Several recommendations for expectant mothers to normalize daily diuresis:

1. Remove smoked foods, salty foods, fatty foods, too spicy foods, and sweets from your daily diet.
2. Include in your diet porridge, green salads seasoned with sunflower or olive oil, dairy products, boiled meat, baked fish, and fruits.
3. Strengthen blood vessels and improve blood circulation with a complex of vitamins and minerals prescribed by your doctor.

As you can see, the course of pregnancy largely depends on the initial health of the woman and her lifestyle after conceiving a child. It is important to understand that while waiting for the baby, the expectant mother should carefully monitor her health, since this directly affects the health of the baby.

It is necessary to undergo regular tests in order to fully monitor all processes and changes in the body. You should never neglect the recommendations and instructions of your doctor. By following these simple rules, the expectant mother will ensure a smooth pregnancy for herself and the health of her child.

In the process of bearing a child, a woman has to regularly take tests and undergo various diagnostic examinations. Experts can assess the health of the expectant mother and the unborn child by the amount and biochemical composition of urine excreted. It is important to find out exactly how to collect daily urine during pregnancy. Proper preparation for analysis will allow you to obtain the most accurate results.

Urine released per day contains substances that allow you to evaluate the functioning of the kidneys, urinary system, liver, heart and blood vessels. With the help of such a study, you can easily identify the inflammatory process in the body.

The daily urine intake for pregnant women in liters is 1-2 liters. The run-up is quite large. The volume of urine depends on the drinking regime, the duration of pregnancy, and the presence of concomitant pathologies. If your analysis is significantly more or less than normal, do not rush to panic. Doctors will prescribe additional research and give advice on correcting your diet and drinking regime.

Pregnant women often have to submit daily urine for laboratory analysis. There are several studies that require 24-hour urine collection:

• Study of daily diuresis. This analysis shows fluid retention in the body of the expectant mother. Allows you to determine the cause of toxicosis and severe swelling.
• Analysis for the identification of protein elements. This type of diagnosis is prescribed to patients with symptoms of nephropathy or late toxicosis.
• Study of the glucosuric profile of urine. The analysis shows the quality of carbohydrate metabolism. Prescribed in the presence of symptoms of gestational diabetes mellitus.
• Analysis according to Zimnitsky. In the laboratory, specialists study separately 24-hour, daytime, and nighttime urine.

The doctor usually explains correctly how to donate daily urine during pregnancy. Collect the discharge in a clean, sterile container. You can buy such a jar, with a volume of at least 2 liters, at any pharmacy. There is no need to send all your urine to the laboratory.

The liquid is mixed well and poured into a container with a volume of 100 - 150 ml. All urine collected per day may be needed in rare cases, only as prescribed by the gynecologist.

There are several simple rules for collecting daily urine, compliance with which will allow you to obtain the most accurate results.

• Use only clean, dry containers with tight-fitting lids.
• All urine excreted during the day should be collected in a jar.
• Urine should be stored in the refrigerator.
• After collecting the last portion of urine output, go to the hospital immediately. Tests can be transported without refrigeration for a maximum of 2 hours.

To facilitate the process of collecting daily urine from pregnant women, you can buy a special kit at the pharmacy. This kit consists of a container with marks applied to it, a transfer tube and a test tube. Remember that before visiting the toilet you need to carry out intimate hygiene every time to prevent the penetration of vaginal microflora into the biomaterial.