How are they detected in urine?
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If there are no symptoms indicating that the urinary system is affected, then oxalic acid salts in the urine can be detected during a general urinalysis (UCA). General urinalysis is a comprehensive study of the physical and chemical properties of urine, which also includes microscopic examination of sediment. Oxalates in a baby's urine are often detected during urine microscopy.
Note! The composition of the urine depends on whether the material for the study was collected correctly.
It is worth listening to Komarovsky’s advice and not using empty food or medicine jars for collection. You only need to collect urine for analysis in special containers that can be purchased at the pharmacy.
How to normalize the level?
Therapy for the disease should be comprehensive and include the use of medications simultaneously with a therapeutic diet.
This is necessary to reduce the intake of oxalic acid into the body with food and normalize metabolism.
The following drugs are used in treatment :
- Membrane stabilizers - prevent the accumulation of calcium salts in cells and stimulate their excretion (vitamin A, vitamin E, Dimephosphone).
- Xidifon - regulates the level of calcium in the body and prevents the deposition of oxalates.
- Enterosorbents – promote the removal of oxalates from the intestines (Enterosgel, activated carbon, Smecta).
- Probiotics – have a beneficial effect on the intestinal microflora and normalize metabolism.
Nutrition is one of the most important elements in the treatment of oxaluria.
To begin with, you should give your child plenty of fluids to speed up the elimination of salts. Then you should exclude the following foods from your diet :
- sorrel;
- spinach;
- rhubarb;
- cocoa and chocolate;
- figs;
- smoked meats;
- spicy food;
- salt and salty foods;
- marinades;
- products containing gelatin;
- fatty soups and broths.
Foods high in vitamin B6 contribute to the elimination of oxalates , so they must be included in the child’s diet:
You should eat the following foods in moderation :
To obtain protein foods from your body, it is recommended to consume lean meats and fish. It is better to cook food boiled, then you can lightly fry it. It is allowed to stew food, but you still need to boil it first. This is necessary to reduce the formation of purine compounds in products.
In this case, you should eat little by little, but often (6-8 times a day). Small portions of food are digested faster and do not overload the body. Meals should be accompanied by plenty of drinking 30-40 minutes after the meal. To do this, it is best to use the following drinks :
- dried fruit compotes;
- Birch juice;
- herbal decoction (corn silk or dill);
- fresh fruit or vegetable juices;
- filtered and boiled water;
- special dietary water for children in bottles.
Oxalates in a child’s urine are a dangerous phenomenon. This may be a symptom of a serious illness , so it is necessary to carefully examine and treat the disease. If measures are not taken in time, there is a risk of disruption of the functioning of internal organs, and in the most severe cases, death is possible.
Find out from Elena Malysheva what products form urates and oxalates in urine:
Therapy for the disease should be comprehensive and include the use of medications simultaneously with a therapeutic diet.
The norm of oxalates in the urine of an infant
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As with any indicators, there are certain standards for oxalate in urine; they directly depend on the age of the child:
- For a baby up to one year old, the norm is 1-1.3 mg/kg per day;
- For children under 3 years old, a little - 0.5 mg/kg per day.
Additional Information. Elevated oxalates in a baby’s urine can be detected after a nursing mother ate salty or spicy food the day before. This will mean that the pediatrician must order a repeat test and advise the mother about her diet before taking it. If after the second analysis the diagnosis is confirmed, the doctor must prescribe treatment for the small patient.
Oxalates in the urine appear not only due to an ongoing disease in the body, they can also be detected for other reasons. When collecting urine for research, you need to carefully prepare for the test for the presence of oxalates. To do this you should:
- Collect all daily urine in only one, absolutely sterile container;
- There is no need to collect the first morning portion of urine; start collecting only from the second urination;
- The last portion of urine should be collected the next morning;
- Next, you need to mix all the daily urine in one container, take 100 ml and pour it into a special container for testing;
- Take the container with urine to the laboratory and write on it the total amount of urine per day.
Child's diet with oxalates
Treatment of oxaluria includes not only the use of medications, but also mandatory adherence to a diet. First of all, the child needs a special diet and drinking regime. Meals should be fractional. It is necessary to exclude or at least minimize foods that contain calcium, oxalic and ascorbic acids from the menu.
These products include:
- sorrel, spinach and rhubarb;
- citrus;
- plums;
- gooseberries and strawberries;
- cocoa and desserts made from it;
- large amounts of meat and sugar.
The child’s diet should be based on foods whose consumption helps remove oxalates from the body. Among them are:
- pumpkin;
- legumes;
- potato;
- cereals (buckwheat, oatmeal, etc.);
- vegetable oil;
- White bread;
- cucumbers;
- pears and bananas;
- dried fruits.
The child needs to drink at least 2 liters of purified still water daily. Tea is strictly contraindicated. It can be replaced with freshly squeezed fruit or vegetable juices, which are recommended to be prepared immediately before consumption. Store-bought juices will not work. It is better to drink the bulk of the liquid in the afternoon. This is necessary to prevent oxalate crystals from settling in the urine.
You need to stick to the diet for at least 3 weeks. After a month's rest, it is recommended to repeat the diet.
Reasons for the appearance of oxalate salts
In breastfed babies, oxalates in the urine most often appear due to improper nutrition of the nursing mother, but this may also indicate a pathology of metabolic processes in the baby’s body. In addition, excess oxalic acid salts in the urine can occur due to congenital kidney disease.
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Oxalaturia is divided into two types:
- Primary;
- Secondary.
Primary – considered congenital, it occurs due to a hereditary disorder of oxalic acid metabolism in the body. Secondary - appears due to the development of certain diseases or the consumption of certain foods.
The non-pathological cause of oxalaturia is the consumption of foods rich in oxalic acid by a nursing mother. These include tea, spinach, rhubarb, beets, and chocolate.
Important! A nursing mother should know that all the nutrients and toxic substances from the foods she eats get into her milk.
Also, reasons for the appearance of more than moderate amounts of oxalates in the urine of a child include:
- Congenital disorders in metabolic processes in which oxalic acid takes part. As a result, its removal from the body is disrupted;
- Inflammation of the kidneys or intestines;
- Diabetes;
- Stones in the kidneys;
- Various chronic pathologies;
- Lack of B vitamins;
- Dysmetabolic nephropathy. It appears due to hereditary predisposition or certain mutations in the baby's genes;
- Dehydration, which is caused by prolonged exposure to the hot sun, intestinal infection, fever with increased sweating and insufficient drinking regimen for infants.
Oxalaturia
Treatment of childhood oxaluria
In order to not only eliminate the disease itself, but also the cause, and prevent the appearance of oxalates, complex therapy is prescribed
In order to not only eliminate the disease itself, but also the cause, and prevent the appearance of oxalates, complex therapy is prescribed. This includes medication, diet, sleep and drinking habits.
The prescription of medications directly depends on the cause of the illness; as a rule, children are prescribed medications:
- containing antioxidants and membrane stabilizers;
- potassium and magnesium salts, which normalize urine and shift it to the acidic side.
As a mandatory element, a diet is needed for oxalates in the urine, and it is also prescribed by the doctor. Compliance with diet and drinking is therapy aimed at removing acid salts and normalizing metabolic processes. For at least 2-4 weeks, the diet is strictly followed, then a break is allowed, and then the diet is repeated.
The standard diet for children with oxaluria contains the following restrictions and requirements:
Important! Partial meals are required: 5-6 times a day in small portions of no more than 300 grams. in one go.
Fasting potato-cabbage days are allowed no more than 2 times a week
Fasting potato-cabbage days are allowed no more than 2 times a week. The combination of products has a beneficial effect on the body and helps normalize metabolic processes.
Compliance with the drinking regime is also a mandatory procedure. Children need to drink quite a lot and often to flush out excess oxalic acid. Doctor-recommended mineral water, cranberry-lingonberry fruit drinks, pear and cherry infusions and flaxseed infusions are suitable. You don’t need to drink a lot right away, but your baby should drink about 1.5-1.8 liters per day. liquids, including soups and fruit juices.
Important! The drinking regime should be observed only on the recommendation of a specialist, since in case of kidney disease a lot of liquid is harmful!
Oxaluria is an insidious and dangerous pathology. Mild or absent symptoms and extensive causes do not always make it possible to suspect the disease. But if oxalates are found in the urine, you definitely need treatment! Lack of therapy, neglect of recommendations and violation of the regimen increases the risk of urolithiasis, renal failure and other dangerous ailments. Therefore, if the analysis shows salts, you should exclude the products listed above and get tested again. If salts are present again, the pathology must be treated without delay.
Source
03-med.info
Oxaluria is a special type of manifestation of urolithiasis. This type of disease occurs when there is an excess of insoluble salts and calcium oxalates. This mainly occurs due to a violation of material metabolism.
Also, this disease can be inherited, occurring in people who abuse food containing oxalic acids, lead a passive lifestyle, or have an unstable, poorly balanced diet. Unfortunately, oxaluria often occurs in children. Insoluble salts can be deposited in all parts of the urinary system, giving a person a lot of unpleasant and painful sensations and inflammatory processes. Also, during this disease, a person urinates more frequently.
The presence of stones in the urinary system is very dangerous. Since they cause significant damage to the tissues of the kidneys, bladder and ureters. In rare and severe cases, the patient may even lose a kidney. The diet for oxaluria in children and adults has the same structure. The only difference is that the child must be constantly monitored and his diet must be worked on.
Diet for oxaluria plays a vital role for children. Together with medications, surgical interventions and therapy, diet is an important process in the treatment of the disease. Proper nutrition can significantly improve a child's health and significantly prevent the formation of new stones. Also, with the help of a well-chosen diet, you can restore balance in the body.
For example, during a therapeutic diet, meat and fish must be boiled, and only then baked or fried. This is done in order to reduce the intake of purine compounds, which are found in large quantities in these foods. There is also a strict restriction on the consumption of animal fats and butter.
So, if a disease such as oxaluria is discovered in a child, the diet strictly prohibits the use of:
- all foods high in oxalic acids (spinach, figs, cocoa, chocolate, sorrel, rhubarb, purslane);
- dishes containing fat, as well as all smoked, pickled, hot, salted and spicy foods;
- highly rich and fatty broths (soups) from poultry, fish and meat;
— gelatin-containing products (aspic, jelly, jelly, marmalade);
Also, the oxaluria diet involves limiting the amount of the following foods:
- from vegetables: potatoes, tomatoes, carrots, onions, beets (in any form);
- from berries: black currant, blueberry.
The oxaluria diet is formed from the most suitable products that can support the body and improve its health. The list of products recommended by doctors includes:
- all fruits that help remove harmful oxalates from the body (pear, quince, dogwood, apple, plum);
- all foods high in vitamin B6 (buckwheat, barley, pearl barley, millet, liver);
- all products with a high content of magnesium (wheat bran, apricots, seaweed, millet, prunes, oatmeal);
- products rich in pectin and fiber.
In addition, the diet for oxaluria involves reducing the consumption of carbohydrates and table salt. It is advisable to fill the child’s daily menu with a large number of vitamins of natural origin and add multivitamin medications. If the patient has no contraindications, then the diet should include a decoction of rose hips and fresh juices from fruits and all kinds of vegetables. The number of daily calories for an active child is three and a half thousand units.
A very unpleasant and uncomfortable disease is oxaluria in children; diet can cure it. Of course in the early stages. But even in difficult cases, it plays a very important role. It is necessary to constantly monitor the child’s nutrition. It is advisable to draw up a menu for the week in advance in order to properly distribute and balance all the necessary substances, vitamins and various microelements.
With a developed child feeding system, it will be much easier to track the dynamics of recovery or progression of the disease. It is very important to record the foods you eat throughout the day. This will make it easier to identify erroneous points.
It is best to develop a child’s nutrition chart together with a doctor who monitors the progress of recovery. A specialist will be able to suggest the most useful products in a particular case and point out errors.
provizor.org
Symptoms of oxalaturia in children
Parents should pay special attention to the baby’s health in this case:
- The baby's urine has acquired a sharp, unpleasant odor;
- The color of urine changed from light yellow to dark yellow for no reason;
- The baby has a very frequent urge to urinate, while the total amount of urine has noticeably decreased;
- The baby often cries because he is bothered by a sharp pain in the lower back or lower abdomen, which may indicate renal colic;
- The child's general condition worsened, apathy developed, sleep was disturbed, and his appetite disappeared.
Note! If even some of the above symptoms occur, parents should consult a pediatrician as soon as possible and ask for a referral for a general urine test. If the diagnosis of oxalaturia is confirmed, appropriate measures should be taken immediately and treatment should begin.
Possible complications
Untimely or lack of any treatment can lead to the accumulation of salts in a small body, this will provoke serious complications. The child's oxalates will gradually accumulate in the kidneys and begin to form crystals, sand and stones. The resulting stones lead to blockage of the urinary canals, this will be accompanied by very severe and sharp pain.
The sharp edges of the crystals will injure tissue and lead to bleeding, pyelonephritis, disruption of the proper functioning of the kidneys and other diseases that cause inflammation of internal organs and tissues. Without appropriate treatment, the baby may experience kidney failure, metabolic disorders, and blockage of the urinary system.
Prevention, features of the breastfeeding diet
Elevated levels of oxalates can be detected regardless of age. Very often they are found in the analysis of a breastfed child. Oxaluria is very closely related to the diet of a nursing mother, because all the foods she consumes enter the baby’s body with breast milk. Also, excessive formation of oxalates can occur due to pathological processes in the kidneys, congenital metabolic disorders, and unfavorable hereditary factors.
There are very few nursing mothers who follow a certain diet during the breastfeeding period. Their food is familiar, without restrictions in anything, they do not follow any diet. As a result, the baby's oxalate levels may rise above normal.
If the baby is breastfed, the nursing mother must adhere to a proper and balanced diet so as not to harm her baby’s body.
If oxalates are detected in a child, the mother should exclude sources of oxalic acid from her diet:
- Rhubarb;
- Sorrel;
- Spinach;
- Beetroot;
- Products containing cocoa;
- Parsley;
- Onion;
- Radish; rutabaga;
- Citrus;
- Sour berries;
- Plums;
- Almond;
- Green beans.
In addition, you should give up sour fruits, tomatoes, liver, coffee, and strong tea. It is equally important to reduce your salt intake. If the disease progresses significantly, you need to limit your diet to foods that contain large quantities of calcium: dairy products, greens, legumes, cereals, flour products. The minimum period for following the diet is two weeks.
The mother’s diet must contain foods that contain vitamins A and B, magnesium, potassium, and protein. It is very important to eat grapes, quince, cabbage and potatoes, bananas, cucumbers and pumpkin, dried fruits, pears and apricots, vegetable oils and meat.
Important! Parents must organize a proper sleep and rest schedule for the child, which includes sufficient activity and walks in the fresh air. The children's room should be kept cool and moderately damp. Regarding the environment, it is important to provide the child with psychological comfort.
Oxalates are detected very often in urine tests in infants. Parents don't need to worry right away. This happens when the baby’s mother violates the diet or collects urine incorrectly for analysis. If the diagnosis is confirmed again, it is important to follow all the doctor’s recommendations: follow a proper diet and take medications.
What to do with oxaluria
If an excess of the normative level of oxalates in a child is detected for the first time, there are no symptoms of impaired functioning of the kidneys or other organs, doctors recommend non-drug correction of the condition. It involves strict adherence to the diet by the child or mother of a newborn baby.
Diet food
Prohibited products include:
- all legumes;
- spinach;
- celery;
- sorrel;
- strawberry;
- tomatoes;
- radish, radish;
- sour apples;
- cocoa, chocolate;
- currant;
- coffee;
- strong black tea.
It is necessary to minimize your child's consumption of the following foods:
- rich broths from meat, fish, mushrooms;
- herbs, spices;
- canned food, smoked meats;
- marinades and pickles;
- confectionery products, baked goods made from premium flour;
- hard cheeses.
It is allowed to eat bread made from rye flour with the addition of bran. The basis of a diet with a high oxalate content is porridge cooked in water. You are allowed to eat a little lean meat, chicken, turkey or fish, boiled or steamed, every day. Boiled or baked potatoes are served as a side dish. Salads made from fresh cucumbers and cabbage must be on the table. The child needs to eat fruits - bananas, pears, apricots, quince.
Be sure to drink a lot. Doctors recommend making dried fruit compotes for your baby without adding sugar (it’s better to get rid of the sweetener altogether or replace it with honey). Alkaline mineral waters without gas are useful.
Dietary nutrition should include components rich in vitamins A, B, E, minerals - magnesium and potassium. The intake of vitamin C, D, and calcium is strictly limited. Table salt should be practically eliminated during the treatment period.
The diet must be followed until the urine test normalizes. Then the child’s diet is gradually expanded. This is done gradually, over 3-4 weeks.
Fluid intake regimen
To normalize the oxalate content in a child’s urine, it is necessary for him to drink a lot of fluid. The minimum volume of water drunk daily for a preschooler should be one and a half liters.
An abundant supply of fluid stimulates the process of dissolution of oxalic acid salts and their elimination.
To normalize the composition of urine, you can offer your baby not only water. Fresh juices and berry fruit drinks help well in treatment. Uzvars made from dried fruits (apples, pears, raisins) are especially useful. They are rich in potassium, magnesium, and glucose. Kids enjoy drinking such compotes.
It is difficult for a child to drink a large volume of liquid at a time, and this is not necessary. Doctors recommend offering children (especially babies under one year old) drinks in small portions at intervals of 40-60 minutes. Be sure to give your baby something to drink half an hour before meals and 40-45 minutes after meals.
If necessary, the specialist will recommend a suitable plant and explain how to prepare a healing drink from it. The restriction on the use of herbal remedies is due to the fact that children are more sensitive to the active substances in medicinal herbs. Their dosage differs from that prescribed for adults.
If you have oxaluria, your child may drink alkaline mineral water. But the doctor must pick it up. The wrong choice of medicinal fluid can cause a worsening of the condition.
Recipes for oxaluria
Preparing food for a child who has high oxalate levels is not difficult. The main condition is to use products from the list of permitted ones, prepare dishes by boiling, baking or steaming.
Potato soup with buckwheat
You will need 1 liter of water, 2 tbsp. spoons of buckwheat, 3 medium-sized potatoes, ½ carrots, ½ onion, 2 tbsp. tablespoons butter, dill, bay leaf, ½ teaspoon salt.
The sorted and washed cereals are poured with water and cooked until half cooked, adding butter. Then throw the potatoes, cut into small cubes, into the water and let them boil for 10-12 minutes. Add finely chopped onion and grated carrots and cook for another 6-7 minutes. Season with salt, bay leaf and finely chopped parsley.
Baked fish with vegetables
Remove the fillet of lean sea fish from small bones. Sprinkle lightly with soy sauce and let marinate for 30 minutes. Line a frying pan with a high side with food foil and grease with butter. Place a layer of carrots cut into slices and thin slices of potatoes. Lightly salt. Place the fish skin side down on the vegetables, seal the food by connecting the ends of the foil. Place in an oven preheated to 200 degrees for 10 minutes, then reduce the heat and bake the fish for another 15 minutes. Serve with fresh cucumbers, yogurt and dill sauce.
