Kidney prolapse: symptoms, causes, treatment, consequences

Kidney pathologies are varied and any person may have problems that can only be diagnosed in a hospital setting.

Kidney prolapse is a disease in which the organ is displaced below normal. The main reason is increased mobility, especially vertically.

In medicine, this condition is called “wandering kidney syndrome.” Signs of the disorder are varied and may resemble symptoms of other diseases.

Violation of the location causes various urological diseases. According to statistics, prolapse of the right kidney is 5 times more common, since it is more mobile and smaller in size.

What is the cause of kidney prolapse?

Nephroptosis is a consequence of weakening of the supporting apparatus of the kidney.

This may occur when:

• loss of elasticity of the abdominal wall due to repeated pregnancies;
• rapid and significant reduction in body weight;
• constant physical activity associated with lifting and carrying heavy objects;
• chronic severe cough;
• injuries with damage to the ligamentous apparatus of the kidney.
• genetic predisposition.
• prolonged stay in a high vibration zone.
• lack of timely treatment of infections.
• severe injuries (impacts to the kidney area or falls on the back from a great height).
• low intra-abdominal pressure due to lack of physical activity.

What are the symptoms of kidney prolapse?

The most common manifestation of nephroptosis is pain in the hypochondrium or iliac region. The intensity of pain directly depends on the degree of prolapse of the kidney.

• Severe pain in the lower back due to the accumulation of urine and blood in the kidney tissues. Pain is more pronounced in a standing position. Lying down they go away completely.
• Blood during urination appears due to the destruction of blood vessels, as strong twisting occurs.
• Pain in the lower abdomen, thighs, or pelvic organs is caused by pressure on the nerve endings due to the displacement and enlargement of the kidney.
• Significant disruption of the gastrointestinal tract is caused by increased stimulation of the nerve endings located near the displaced kidney.
• The flu-like state and weakness are caused by an increase in the volume of toxic substances in the blood due to the fact that the kidney gradually loses its basic function.
• With further development of the disease, the pain becomes constant in an upright position of the body, but weakens when lying on the back.
• A severe degree of kidney prolapse is characterized by constant severe pain, sometimes reminiscent of renal colic. In addition, periodic nausea and vomiting may bother you, and complications may appear in the form of pyelonephritis, arterial hypertension, neurological pain radiating to the buttock or leg, etc.

How is kidney prolapse diagnosed?

There are 4 diagnostic methods used:

• General urine analysis.
• Ultrasonography.
• Urography.
• Palpation.

The main method for detecting nephroptosis, which is used in the multidisciplinary CELT clinic, is ultrasound examination. With its help, you can determine the presence of the disease, the stage of kidney prolapse, and also assess the impairment of its function. Additional information to clarify the diagnosis is also provided by an X-ray examination of the kidneys using a contrast agent - excretory urography.

Consequences of kidney prolapse

If treatment is not started on time, the following diseases may appear:

• Hydronephrosis is complete atrophy of the kidney parenchyma.
• Venous hypertension is the destruction of blood vessels in the kidneys.
• Pyelonephritis is kidney ischemia due to lack of oxygen, blood, vitamins and minerals. This provokes the development of infection and the growth of pathogenic bacteria.
• Urolithiasis is the formation of stones due to the deposition of salts that provoke acute pain.

Nephroptosis is a pathology in which one or both kidneys become excessively mobile and move from their bed to the peritoneum. Normally, the filtration organs are motionless. While performing any physical actions, as well as during breathing, they can shift by about 1.5 cm. A shift of an organ of 50 mm or more is a pathology.

Nephroptosis is usually encountered by adult patients, but sometimes children also suffer from it. Women are more at risk of developing pathology. According to statistics, it is present in 1.5% of women and 0.1% of men. For this reason, patients are more often interested in how kidney prolapse occurs, symptoms in women and treatment.

Introduction

For the common man, nephroptosis of the kidney is commonly called “wandering kidney.”
More often, displacement of the right kidney is observed, less often - of the left; in exceptional cases, bilateral nephroptosis occurs.

The disease can occur at any age - both in a child and an adult. Among all patients with nephroptosis, females predominate.

Not every kidney displacement is considered nephroptosis and is a pathology. During respiratory movements, the kidney moves, in amplitude, not exceeding the height of the body of one lumbar vertebra. This displacement is called physiological.

Etiology

Both exogenous and endogenous factors can provoke nephroptosis. Pathology occurs in patients with weak ligaments that are unable to hold organs in the correct position.

Among the factors that can lead to nephroptosis are:

• Pregnancy and childbirth. These processes entail overstretching of the abdominal muscles, which causes the kidneys to lose support. A significant increase in the abdomen and repeated pregnancies increase the chances of the disease.
• Congenital pathology of the ligamentous apparatus due to genetic defects.
• Natural aging of the body. With age, the muscles of the pelvis and lower back become weak and lose their elasticity.
• The presence of serious diseases that are accompanied by the development of dystrophy (for example, cancer) or too rapid weight loss as a result of following strict diets. In this case, the fat capsule becomes thinner, and the kidney, having lost its support, changes its location.
• Damage to the fat capsule and/or ligaments during surgery.
• Frequent exposure to vibration and shaking. Drivers usually encounter this problem.
• Unfavorable heredity. If close relatives have nephroptosis, the likelihood of pathology also increases.
• Sedentary lifestyle. Neglecting exercise leads to decreased pressure in the peritoneum and weakening of muscles. As a result, the kidneys drop and the fascia stretches.
• Injuries, bruises. They can cause damage to the ligamentous apparatus and/or the appearance of large hematomas, which subsequently begin to put pressure on the organs.
• Lifting weights. This can cause an increase in pressure inside the peritoneum, stretching the fascia and ligaments.
• Severe chronic cough. With it, the diaphragmatic muscles actively influence the internal organs of the peritoneum and displace them downward.

Cause of pathology

So, kidney nephroptosis - what is it? First of all, the pathology does not relate to congenital anomalies responsible for the dysfunction of the renal organ. This is its difference from dystopia, which is diagnosed in very young children. Whatever the cause of the disease, the result is characterized by a weakening of the muscular system that holds the organ in a relatively fixed position. Often added to this is a combination of signs of an abnormal structure or damage to the fat capsule, as well as the vessels penetrating the renal pedicle.

Representatives of the following professions are at risk for the disease:

• heavy vehicle drivers;
• builders;
• movers;
• heavyweight athletes.

In addition, kidney prolapse is observed in sales consultants and other service industry employees who are forced to spend most of their working time standing.

Often, nephroptosis of the kidney on the right occurs after rapid weight loss, when the body loses kilograms too quickly, and the abdominal wall finds itself in a relaxed state. Long difficult labor or more than three births over five to seven years is also a difficult test for the entire renal apparatus.

Among adolescents, physically poorly developed, rapidly growing children 12-14 years old are at risk of experiencing physiological changes caused by weakening muscle connections.

Stages

If a patient has kidney prolapse, symptoms and consequences will depend on the stage.

In total, neptophrosis goes through three stages of development:

First. Displacement of the organ can only be detected in a thin patient, during inspiration and when he is lying down. When you exhale and in a horizontal position, the organ falls into place. During this period, the kidney descends no lower than 1.5-2 vertebrae. During palpation, the urologist palpates the bottom of the organ. Stage 1 nephroptosis is most often diagnosed by doctors.

Second. The displacement of the organ is detected both in horizontal and vertical positions, the organ descends to 2-3 vertebrae. When inhaling, the kidney does not completely go into the hypochondrium, however, when the patient lies down, it can completely return to its place. If the patient is lying down and the organ does not fall into place on its own, it can be reduced. During palpation, the kidney can be easily felt.

Third. The organ is lowered by more than 3 vertebrae. In the most advanced cases, it is located in the pelvis. The kidney becomes excessively mobile and when changing body position, performing physical work, as well as during breathing, it can “walk”.

Depending on the position of the body, the organ may be located in different zones, but it does not return to the correct position (either by itself or by repositioning). During palpation, the kidney can be felt in the navel area and below. At the third stage, the filtration organ can be moved by hand, but it will still return back. Examination of patients with an advanced form of the disease may be accompanied by discomfort.

Signs

The symptoms of kidney prolapse will depend on the stage of the disease. The severity of discomfort tends to increase as the pathological process worsens.

Initially, patients experience lower back pain only during physical work, however, over time, other undesirable phenomena are added to this.

In most patients with nephroptosis, the symptoms are as follows:

Pain in the lower back. If we talk about how a prolapsed kidney hurts, it is usually an aching pain. The lumen of the vessels becomes extremely narrow and therefore the outflow of urine and blood from the kidneys becomes difficult. As a result, the organ swells and increases in volume, and the fibrous capsule, in which pain receptors are located, stretches. With improved blood flow, the symptoms of discomfort decrease. This usually happens when the patient lies on his healthy side or on his back. At stage 1, pain during kidney prolapse appears in a standing position and when changing position. At stage 2, severe pain of a paroxysmal nature occurs after performing physical work. The duration of such an attack can range from several minutes to several hours. At the last stage of the disease, the swelling of the kidneys never goes away and therefore the patient suffers from pain around the clock.

Pain in the peritoneum, reproductive organs, groin and thigh. Kidney prolapse symptoms in women and men are identical. A displaced kidney affects nerve endings located near the pathological process. This causes a sharp, sharp pain, which can quite easily be confused with an attack of appendicitis. Sometimes the pain becomes so severe that it paralyzes a person's ability to speak and move around.

Bleeding during emptying of the bladder. When the vascular bundle becomes twisted, the outflow of blood from the veins located in the small calyces of the kidneys is suspended. Unable to withstand the colossal load, the walls of the blood vessels become thinner and rupture. The blood released as a result of bleeding mixes with urine, after which the latter acquires a red tint.

Indigestion. If kidney prolapse is present, signs may include bowel dysfunction, nausea and vomiting, and anorexia. Such malfunctions in the functioning of the digestive organs are caused by irritation of their nerve endings, which are located near the problem area.

General intoxication. It is accompanied by weakness, excessive fatigue, outbursts of aggression, and an increase in body temperature (accompanied by an attack of pain). This symptom occurs because the urinary system does not do its job well enough and toxins accumulate in the blood.

Regardless of the reasons for kidney prolapse, the symptoms of the pathology will always be the same. However, in the presence of concomitant pathologies, symptoms may be more varied.

Nephroptosis on the left: what is it and the outcome of kidney disease

Among kidney diseases, one can distinguish a disease in which one of the kidneys or both occupy an unsuitable position for them. This feature is called nephroptosis. It consists of excessive mobility of the organ, due to which the kidney can leave the renal bed and move downward.

At the initial stage of development of the disease, the patient does not experience significant problems, which is why he may not even notice the deterioration of the organ’s functioning, or he may be careless, deciding that this diagnosis does not pose a danger. However, this is a wrong approach. Each organ has its own position, which is physiological specifically for it, and a change in this position leads to disruption of its functioning. Therefore, nephroptosis requires treatment and careful attitude on the part of both doctors and the patient himself.

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Left-sided nephroptosis is a displacement of the left kidney. It should be noted that this type of disease is much more common than nephroptosis of the right side of the organ. The fact is that the left kidney in its normal position is located slightly higher than the right, which contributes to greater tension on the ligaments.

Causes and manifestations of pathology

Nephroptosis develops on the left under the influence of various unfavorable circumstances. At a certain point, because of them, the kidney becomes more mobile and leaves the bed. Later, as the disease progresses, it can drop quite low. This creates additional conditions for stretching the ligaments and blood vessels; in addition, if the kidney is prolapsed, it may come into contact with other organs. As a result, its functioning is disrupted, and the patient with this diagnosis experiences serious discomfort. Therefore, it is very important to detect this pathology before significant changes occur in the body.

The following may cause it:

• a sharp decrease in body weight, due to which the fat layer around the kidney becomes thinner;
• decreased tone of the back muscles and abdominal muscles;
• injuries of the abdominal cavity, lumbar region;
• excessive physical stress;
• carrying heavy objects;
• congenital problems in this area;
• diseases affecting the connective tissues of the body, leading to a decrease in their elasticity.

Almost all factors contributing to the development of this disease are subject to regulation. With the right behavior and caution, the problem can be avoided. Only the influence of congenital characteristics cannot be completely eliminated, but even in this case it is possible to take the necessary measures.

Features of symptoms

Nephroptosis of the left kidney at the beginning of its development can be asymptomatic, which leads to its progression. Even if the patient notices certain adverse events, he may ignore them or mistake them for signs of another disease that seems harmless to him. Therefore, it is so important to consult with a specialist if any deviations in the functioning of the organ occur.

The symptoms of nephroptosis do not differ significantly and manifest themselves in almost the same way as any kidney disease. This means that a doctor must confirm the diagnosis, and he must also determine the method of treatment. The main signs that appear:

• dull pain in the lower back, which tends to intensify with physical activity;
• episodic abdominal pain;
• blood content in urine;
• nausea;
• temperature increase;
• pallor;
• weakened appetite;
• problems with the gastrointestinal tract;
• swelling;
• dizziness;
• weakness;
• changes in blood pressure.

What is the danger?

Complications of nephroptosis do not occur too often - they are usually likely due to improper therapy and untimely actions taken. Their development is also influenced by third-party factors - in the presence of concomitant pathologies, the risk of complications increases. In all other cases, the prognosis is favorable.

One of the most common complications of nephroptosis is hypertension. Since when the kidney prolapses, the vessels can stretch, this affects the pressure, and the stronger the stretch, the more severe the consequences can be. Often in such cases, problems arise with the blood supply to the organ.

Because of this, urolithiasis can form, which leads to kidney failure. Another possible complication is inflammation of the pelvis. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out the necessary treatment in a timely manner so as not to further lower the left kidney and increase the risk of severe consequences.

Diagnosis and treatment

To confirm the presence of this pathology in a patient, the doctor must first conduct a survey and examination, during which the main symptoms will be identified. Since the symptoms of nephroptosis are almost no different from other diseases, various diagnostic procedures will be required. Among them:

• blood and urine tests;
• Ultrasound;
• excretory urography;
• MRI;
• CT;
• radiography, etc.

Based on the results of these examinations, an accurate diagnosis is established, and only after that a treatment strategy is selected.

There are several options for medical treatment of this disorder. These include:

• Medication. This treatment route is not the main one. The use of medications is intended to eliminate the symptoms of the disease, however, it is impossible to return the displaced kidney to its normal position in this way.
• Conservative. It is widely used in cases where the disease is only at the initial stage of development, and the patient’s life is not in danger. This allows you to try to correct the problem without surgery. Conservative methods of treatment are used in combination, they are selected by the doctor, and he also controls the progress of the process. These include:
• massage;

wearing a bandage;

• therapeutic exercises to strengthen muscles;
• diet (if nephroptosis occurs due to a sharp decrease in body weight);
• dosing of physical activity.

In the absence of unfavorable factors, these effects can achieve significant results. However, this does not always happen.

Operational. If the patient has no results after a long period of conservative treatment, and his condition begins to worsen, then the doctor may use a radical method to solve the problem. An operation must be prescribed taking into account all the characteristics of the patient and the clinical picture of his disease. In this case, the kidney is moved to the correct position and fixed there.

This operation is quite safe, patients quickly return to normal activities after it, without a long recovery period. At the same time, the surgical type of treatment of nephroptosis is effective. There are several ways to perform the operation, from which the doctor chooses the most convenient and appropriate.

Read also:  Nephron (functional unit of the kidney): what is it, structural features

Preventing the development of left-sided nephroptosis is quite problematic, but some rules can reduce the likelihood of its occurrence. This:

1. Strengthening the back and abdominal muscles.
2. Avoid injuries to this area, and if they occur, be sure to consult a doctor.
3. A normal diet to prevent sudden changes in body weight.
4. Dosing of physical activity and activity.
5. No heavy lifting.

Congenital characteristics leading to the formation of nephroptosis cannot be overcome with these measures. However, some patients at risk will be somewhat safe. Also, these measures will avoid the progression of an existing disease.

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Diagnostics

Now kidney nephroptosis is clear: what it is, what symptoms it has. However, not everyone knows how this condition is diagnosed.

Diagnostic measures will help confirm or refute the presence of nephroptosis, as well as determine its stage and identify the causes. Based on the results obtained, the urologist will be able to choose the most appropriate treatment strategy for a particular patient.

If we talk about how to determine kidney prolapse, then urologists usually carry out diagnostics, which include:

• Analysis of patient complaints and careful collection of anamnesis. The patient must tell when the pain first appeared, what nature it is and after which it arises/intensifies and, on the contrary, weakens/disappears. The symptoms of wandering kidney in women are pronounced, so it is difficult to confuse it with other diseases.
• Palpation. The specialist probes the area below the ribs. With nephroptosis, the patient will have an oval formation that is quite dense and painful when pressed.
• Urine analysis. With nephroptosis, it will show proteinuria (presence of a large amount of protein in the urine) and hematuria (blood in the body fluid). Patients may also have leukocytes in their urine. If there are more than 5 of them, this may indicate nephroptosis, complicated by inflammation.
• Excretory urography is an x-ray examination of the kidneys using contrast. This procedure will make it clear where exactly the kidneys are located and how much their functions have been preserved. Urography is performed both standing and lying down.
• Ultrasound examination. It is rarely performed for nephroptosis, as it is considered insufficiently effective, especially in the first stages. An ultrasound is performed both in a standing and lying position.

When the doctor identifies the causes and consequences of kidney prolapse, symptomatic treatment will be prescribed immediately.

What can you eat

The goal of the diet is to sharply reduce the content of extractive substances in order to radically reduce their irritation of the diseased kidney and increase the removal of under-oxidized metabolic products from the body and have an anti-inflammatory effect. Nutrition for nephroptosis should be varied and contain all the necessary substances. You need to eat six times a day, drink about 1 liter of water daily. It is better to prepare foods without adding salt, and if you use it, add it at the end of cooking (up to 5 g of salt per day is allowed). The diet implies the complete exclusion of the following products and dishes:

• canned food,
• carbonated drinks,
• pickles and smoked meats,
• cakes, creams, sour cream, cream.

The patient needs to include milk, fermented milk products, cottage cheese, vegetables, fruits and a variety of cereals in his daily diet. The diet should be high in calories, but overeating should be avoided.

Therapy

There are many ways to eliminate nephroptosis. The choice of method depends on the stage of the pathology and the individual characteristics of the patient’s body.

Using bandages

Using a bandage, you can increase intra-abdominal pressure and reduce the mobility of organs, fixing them in the correct position.

The main purpose of using a bandage is to strengthen the supporting apparatus of the organ, as well as to prevent torsion of blood vessels.

You need to wear the bandage throughout the day. You can only take it off before going to bed and before doing gymnastics.

The bandage is put on in the morning, after waking up. In order for the kidneys to stand correctly, the patient needs to take a deep breath and raise the pelvis. It is at this moment that you need to fasten the structure. It is recommended to put the bandage on top of your underwear. This will help avoid scuffs while wearing.

The duration of treatment is determined individually. Usually it does not exceed 12 months. At the end of therapy, the patient’s ligaments will be strengthened and the organs will be securely fixed. However, it is important to understand that achieving a therapeutic effect is possible only in one case - if the patient strengthens the abdominal muscles. Otherwise, due to inactivity, the muscles under the bandage will weaken even more, which will significantly slow down the healing process.

You can buy a bandage at a pharmacy. It comes in 4 sizes. To choose the right one, you need to be guided by your waist size. Since the design is equipped with Velcro and fasteners, this allows you to fix it exactly according to your figure.

Nutrition

A diet for nephroptosis is needed to normalize the amount of fat surrounding the kidneys and reduce the load on the urinary organs.

If the kidneys are functioning normally, the first task is a priority. Patients with pathologically low weight must consume large amounts of calories, fat and carbohydrates daily. This is the only way to increase the fat layer in the body in the shortest possible time.

Internal fat will refill the kidney bed and increase the elasticity of nearby tissues.

Slightly different treatment is required for patients who have concomitant pathologies of the urinary system. In this case, when creating a diet, it is very important to take into account the associated problems. Usually, in case of kidney disease, doctors advise reducing the consumption of salt, spices, proteins and acids. In particularly difficult situations, you may have to give up fried, smoked and canned foods.

Undesirable foods include legumes, fish, meat, fatty cheeses, and vegetables containing oxalic acid.

Patients should adhere to a drinking regime and consume predominantly vegetarian foods. If there is a need to gain weight, the diet should also be high in calories.

Sanatoriums

In the early stages, hydrotherapy can be very effective.

Patients are recommended to drink mineral waters and are prescribed special baths. Such treatment can be carried out in local sanatoriums or in Truskavets, in the resorts of the Caucasus.

Alternative medicine

Treatment with traditional methods is used in the initial stages of nephroptosis. It will perfectly complement other methods of conservative therapy.

For diseased kidneys, symptoms when they prolapse are extremely unpleasant. With proper and regular use of folk remedies, you can reduce the intensity of pain and prevent various complications. Unfortunately, they are unable to return the organ to its physiologically correct position.

The most popular recipes in this case are:

1. Flax seeds are irrigated with clean water, then sprinkled with powdered sugar and fried in a frying pan without the use of oil. You need to take the product 1 tsp. three times a day. It is important to chew the seeds well. It is also useful for nephroptosis to eat pumpkin and sunflower seeds and all kinds of nuts.
2. Stems of broom kochia (chopped) in the amount of 2 tbsp. l. you need to pour a glass of boiling water and leave in a warm place for 12 hours. After the specified time, the medicine is filtered and consumed 5 ml three times a day.
3. 50 g of liquid honey is mixed with the same amount of butter. Next, add 1 tsp to the resulting mass. (heaped) acorn and almond coffee, 2 egg yolks. Everything is thoroughly mixed. The medicinal liquid is consumed 1-2 tsp. every time after a meal.
4. Need 3 tsp. grated onion peel, pour 2 cups of boiling water, then leave in a warm place for half an hour. The finished medicine is filtered and taken 1 tbsp. l. four times a day.
5. 1 kg of oat straw is poured into two buckets of water, brought to a boil and cooked for an hour. After this, the product is infused for several hours and used for sitz baths in the morning and evening. The duration of the procedure in each case should be about half an hour. Take sitz baths every other day. If desired, the patient may not prepare a new decoction each time, but rather reheat the old one.
6. You need to mix sage, chicory, horsetail, mint, wormwood and St. John's wort in equal quantities, and then 1 tbsp. l. Pour a glass of boiling water over the resulting raw material and simmer over low heat for 10 minutes. The finished medicine is filtered and taken a glass three times a day.

Treatment

Drug therapy will help quickly relieve pain and the formation of pathology. For this, patients are prescribed:

1. Anti-inflammatory medications
   . These include: Askofen, Nise, Nimesulide, Ibuklin, Tamoxifen.
2. Antispasmodics
   . Pentalgin, Baralgin, No-shpa (Drotaverin), Spazgan.
3. Diuretics
   . Indapamide, Furosemide, Lasix, Mannitol, Hydrochlorothiazide.
4. Antihypertensive drugs
   . Captopril, Enap, Capoten, Labetalol, Perindopril.

In addition to medications, other treatment methods are recommended.

Traditional methods

Treatment with folk remedies will not be able to return the prolapsed organ to its place, but some medicinal herbs will help reduce painful symptoms and prevent kidney failure or necrosis.

Herbal baths help remove excess water from the body, relieve pain and stress on the kidneys. Boil 2 cups of dry horsetail in 2 liters of water for half an hour and strain. Add the broth to warm water and soak for 20 minutes. You can add 5 drops of juniper, eucalyptus, rose or orange essential oil. The addition of 2 packs of “Zvezdochka” balm also relieves pain.

Diuretic plants such as birch buds, black elderberry, bearberry, juniper, parsley, and horsetail are often prescribed. Patients benefit from regular consumption of healthy tea from:

• honey, cloves and ginger;

  

• St. John's wort, cloves, sage, lemon balm, agrimony;
• birch and verbena.

Honey is good at drawing out toxins from the body, from which it is necessary to make applications. 1 glass of honey should be mixed with 2 tbsp. l. nutmeg. The mixture should be rubbed into the sore spot for 5 minutes before going to bed, and the compress should be kept until the morning. The procedure is done every other day for a month.

Therapy also includes wearing fixation belts, bandages or corsets, which:

• prevent vascular torsion;
• limit kidney mobility;
• increase pressure in the abdominal cavity;

  

• fix the position of organs.

The selected product should be worn every day, or over underwear. After a year, the ligaments will get stronger and fix the kidneys. The main thing is to train your abs, otherwise the abdominal muscles will weaken and the healing effect will not occur.

Corsets are effective in stages I and II of prolapse; they are contraindicated in cases of inflammation and intense pain.

Surgical intervention is possible, when under general anesthesia the diseased kidney is sutured to the peritoneum or diaphragm. Operations are performed if there is kidney stone disease and the person is suffering from intense pain.

Prevention

If kidney disease is desired, the symptoms of nephroptosis can be prevented.

To do this, it is important to follow these rules:

• eat healthy food, consume enough nutrients;
• play sports, but do not overwork and do not lift weights;
• develop correct posture;
• avoid injury;
• use a bandage during pregnancy;
• lose weight (if necessary) under the supervision of a doctor.

Forecast

The prognosis and consequences of nephroptosis directly depend on the degree of neglect of the disease.

It is important to start treating nephroptosis as early as possible. Inactivity can lead to rapid progression of the disease and the development of irreversible processes in the urinary system.

If the patient already has symptoms of a wandering kidney, which are combined with impaired urodynamics or stagnation of urine, then the following complications are likely to develop in this case:

• cystitis, pyelonephritis (since many bacteria accumulate in stagnant urine and continue to actively multiply);
• crystallization of salts and formation of stones;
• hydronephrosis (its appearance is associated with the accumulation of fluid in the renal pelvis);
• death of the renal parenchyma (occurs due to kinking of the vessels that supply the tissues with blood).

Any of the possible complications listed above can lead to kidney failure and, as a result, loss of the filtration organ.

The patient’s well-being can be complicated by hypertension, which is practically not eliminated with the help of medications.

Nephroptosis at the last stage is a direct road to disability, incapacity, and organ transplantation.

That is why it is so important not to delay a visit to a specialist and not to engage in amateur activities. Only a qualified urologist knows for sure how kidney prolapse occurs, the symptoms and treatment of this process. He is the one you should trust with your health.

Kidney prolapse in women is not a rare situation. The problem is serious and requires a different approach to treatment.

In medicine, the term used is nephroptosis. Why it occurs, what symptoms the patient experiences, how to get rid of the problem is the topic of our article today.

Prevention of the disease and its relapses

To prevent nephroptosis you should:

• 
  avoid any actions that can lead to even minor injuries in the lumbar region - albeit non-critical, but frequent, such injuries contribute to the “loosening” of the muscle frame, due to which it will no longer help keep the kidney in its normal position;

• lose weight or gain weight gradually, avoid significant changes in weight;
• correctly dose the load in the gym, avoid lifting weights;
• Visit a urologist regularly, do ultrasound and urography as prescribed.

If you have undergone surgical treatment for nephroptosis, this means that you need to doubly protect yourself from the recurrence of the disease. Although some patients mistakenly place exaggerated hopes on the operation, forgetting that the renal bed after surgery does not become a reinforced concrete cage for the kidney, and it can slip out of it again.

Kovtonyuk Oksana Vladimirovna, medical observer, surgeon, consultant doctor

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Causes of kidney prolapse in women:

The most common causes of the disease are:

• Usually observed in women who like to lose weight faster. Without knowing it, they undermine their health. Never lose weight quickly: the norm is 500 grams of lost weight per week.
• The other extreme is rapid weight gain. Muscles and adipose tissue are not adapted to such rates of body change.
• This is where the kidney begins to shift from its “home” place.
• Lower back injuries, bruises or wounds are important.
• Pregnancy and childbirth leave their mark on a woman’s health. A future miracle is growing in my mother’s belly - all the internal organs are shifting. The kidneys suffer the most at this time. This is why wearing a properly sized prenatal bandage is mandatory.
• In the fair sex, kidney prolapse is much more common than in men.
• Congenital pathologies of the location of the kidneys cannot be excluded. This is how a child’s internal organs are formed even before birth.

There is an opinion that this is a disease of thin, tall ladies who walk in fairly high heels.

Separation of kidney prolapse:

• When the left kidney prolapses, they speak of left-sided prolapse. The right-sided type of nephroptosis is observed less frequently.
• Right – right-sided nephroptosis (the most common types).
• On both sides there is bilateral ptosis. The rarest type of omission. In almost all cases, this pathology is congenital.

What types of nephroptosis occur?

According to localization they distinguish:

• nephroptosis of the right kidney;
• nephroptosis of the left kidney;
• bilateral nephroptosis.

The following degrees of nephroptosis are distinguished:

• nephroptosis of the 1st degree (displacement of the lower pole of the kidney by a distance of more than 1.5 lumbar vertebrae);
• nephroptosis of the 2nd degree (displacement of the lower pole of the kidney by a distance of more than 2 lumbar vertebrae);
• nephroptosis of the 3rd degree (displacement of the lower pole of the kidney by a distance of more than 3 lumbar vertebrae).

Diagnosis of kidney prolapse in women:

• At the doctor’s appointment, you will be examined, palpated while lying down, standing, and your complaints will be listened to.
• Urine and blood analysis. They will determine if there is inflammation in your body.
• Blood biochemistry (creatinine, urea).
• A survey x-ray of the entire urinary system is prescribed.
• Excretory urography is performed (x-ray with the introduction of a special contrast agent into a woman’s vein). This must be done first standing, then lying down.
• It is possible to prescribe an ultrasound examination (ultrasound), also lying and standing.

Kidney prolapse in women treatment:

Orthopedic treatment:

• Wearing a bandage (orthopedic treatment) helps in the first and second stages of the disease. The kidneys cannot move down; they are always in their normal position.
• Getting dressed in the morning before getting up
• To do this, you need to take a horizontal position and exhale deeply onto your abdominal muscles.
• Shoot in the evening.
• A contraindication for such treatment is a kidney in a new place and fixed by adhesions.

Treatment for the first stage:

• Abdominal massage will help a lot.
• Only therapeutic exercises (should strengthen the back and abdominal muscles to normalize intra-abdominal pressure, limiting the downward displacement of the kidneys).
• Diet is necessary to form a normal fat layer to support the kidney in its place.
• Treatment at resorts.

It is impossible to cure kidney prolapse with medications, but its consequences need to be treated

• Pyelonephritis requires antibiotics and uroseptics.
• You definitely need to lower the high blood pressure. Conventional medications are used to lower blood pressure (atenolol, verapamil).
• They are treated with antispasmodics, painkillers, and anti-inflammatory drugs in tablets or injections.
• Physical labor is limited.

Surgery:

• Necessary for a woman at the third stage of the disease. The kidney is returned to its place, it is fixed from further displacement (with a special mesh). The kidney is marked in it, like in a bag, and now it will not be able to go down.
• Nowadays, laparoscopic operations (through three half-centimeter punctures) are common.
• The woman stays in the hospital for up to three days and goes home healthy. There will be no restrictions in her life
• I would like to say that doctors are increasingly refusing surgical treatment for this disease.

Diet for kidney failure – is it necessary to follow it?

Prescribing a diet has two goals:

1. Limiting the load on the kidneys.
2. Creation of a fat layer around the kidney and pelvis to strengthen the organ.

Therefore, if your doctor prescribes a diet, do not ignore the recommendations.

What not to eat

Salty and spicy dishes are strictly prohibited. You should not drink alcohol, strong tea or coffee. Try to avoid chocolate and other products containing cocoa.

Also try not to eat meat, fish, mushroom decoctions, as well as sauces made from these products.

What can you eat

Everything that is recommended by diet No. 7 can be eaten. The list of products is extensive, you won’t go hungry:

1. Bran bread.
2. Soups with cereals and vegetables.
3. Boiled lean meat (rabbit, beef, poultry).
4. Lean fish.
5. Sago dishes.
6. Eggs – no more than 1 piece per day.
7. Fruits and berries.
8. Milk and dairy products (if they do not cause bloating).
9. Salads.
10. Juices and compotes.

For an example of dietary nutrition for one day, see the table.

Times of Day	Dishes recommended for consumption
Morning	Oatmeal, juice, chicken salad
Lunch	Apple pudding, weak tea
Dinner	Noodle or cereal soup, pumpkin porridge, carrot juice
Afternoon snack	Fresh fruits
Dinner	Cottage cheese casserole, boiled rabbit meat, juice or tea

It is not difficult to follow such a diet, and it has many benefits not only for the kidneys, but also for the entire body.

Consequences of kidney prolapse in women:

1. Healthy kidneys do not leave the hypochondrium area. When it is lowered, its location changes: it is found in the abdomen or even pelvis.
2. Stretching of the vessels, veins supplying the kidney, and their torsion is very dangerous. Its blood supply is disrupted, and major problems with blood vessels appear. Veno- or lymphostasis is observed.
3. Urolithiasis or hematuria (blood in the urine) may occur.
4. The bladder is connected to the ureter, which can bend when it descends. Stagnation of urine is provoked, bacteria begin to actively multiply. Urine flows in - its outflow is difficult, and the renal pelvis expands. Over time, hydronephrotic transformation occurs - a serious disease.
5. A woman develops pyelonephritis (inflammation) of her kidneys. To be precise, the calyceal structures of the diseased kidney. This is the most common complication of this disease and the very first.
6. Prolapse of the kidney - its unnatural position leads to lower back pain in women. They are quite strong.
7. Weakness, malaise, and irritability appear.
8. Nephroptosis causes increased blood pressure due to the lengthening of the renal artery and its narrowing. The woman's performance is impaired. When a woman lies down, her blood pressure goes down; as soon as she stands up, it goes up.

Complication of the disease

When the first signs of kidney prolapse appear, you should immediately consult a doctor. Ignoring the symptoms and allowing the disease to progress to a more severe stage can cause dangerous complications that will worsen the problem:

• pyelonephritis;
• kidney stones;
• hydronephrosis;
• renal arterial hypertension;
• renal colic.

Complications occur in 25-80% of patients. In 20% of cases, detection of the disease in late stages leads to the patient’s loss of ability to work, so timely diagnosis is extremely important.

Exercises for kidney prolapse in women video:

20 minutes of daily exercise is enough for patients, better in the morning:

We do all exercises only while lying on our back.

First:

• Bend your knees slightly.
• Inhale, the stomach inflates.
• We hold our breath.
• Pull in your stomach as you exhale.
• It is enough to start with five times.
• Gradually add up to ten times.

Second:

• Extends legs up vertically while inhaling.
• Then lower it to the floor as you exhale.
• Beginning of classes: up to five repetitions.
• Gradually add up to ten repetitions.

Third:

• Raise your legs up, keep your knees together.
• We spread our legs strictly to the sides - inhale.
• We cross them and exhale.
• We start classes with five repetitions.
• Add little by little until ten.

Fourth:

• When performing it, you need a roller located under the lumbar region up to 15 centimeters high.
• Inhale – you need to bend your left or right leg.
• Exhale – starting position – straighten it.
• Repeat the same with the right leg.
• A few repetitions are enough.

Fifth:

• Again with a cushion under the lumbar region.
• As you inhale, you need to lift your leg up.
• Then, as you exhale, lower it to the floor.
• Repeat on each leg several times.

Below watch a video with another set of exercises, maybe you will like them better.