The characteristic mechanism of action of Fluconazole is its selective effect. It affects only the affected areas, without touching the remaining (normal) cells. This property of the drug can help minimize side effects after taking it.
Once in the human body, Fluconazole is quickly absorbed and absorbed by 90%. It easily enters the bloodstream, lymph flow and all other fluids, as well as into joint tissues. The content level reaches the maximum amount after 8 hours, and remains effective for 24 hours. If the drug is taken correctly and on time, it is excreted by the kidneys along with urine.
The use of the drug is quite justified both for the treatment and prevention of fungal complications during the treatment of oncological diseases, as well as in the field of surgical transplantology and in all other situations when a person has a state of reduced immunity.
Taking Fluconazole for therapeutic purposes is indicated for candidiasis, since a high concentration of the drug in the vaginal secretion is observed within 7-9 hours after administration. At the same time, the required amount of the substance is maintained at the optimal level throughout the day.
Effect of Fluconazole on cystitis
Fluconazole belongs to the group of triazoles most commonly used in the treatment of fungal diseases. The mechanism of action of the substance is based on the destruction of the membranes of fungal cells and interruption of the synthesis of their main structural substance by slowing down enzymatic synthesis. Fluconazole is active for both invasive and superficial mycoses.
Thus, in combination with additional agents, Fluconazole prevents the proliferation of fungi in the body and disrupts the development and growth of already formed pathogenic cells.
The absorption of the drug reaches 90% or more: the active substance dissolves in all body fluids and can accumulate in tissues and internal organs, due to which the required concentration in the body is achieved eight hours after the start of administration.
In this case, the effect of the drug is aimed only at harmful cells, healthy cells of the body are not affected by it.
Instructions for use of Fluconazole
Fluconazole is known for its pronounced antimycotic properties. The mechanism of its therapeutic action is based on the suppression of reactions occurring in the cell wall of a fungal infection. As a result, the permeability of the cell membrane increases, which stops growth and the possibility of active reproduction.
A feature of Fluconazole is its selective effect on cells. Thus, the active substance has a detrimental effect on the cells of the pathogen. At the same time, the good cells of the body remain unharmed.
Cystitis of a fungal nature often occurs not as the main process, but as a complication after surgery or cancer. In this situation, Fluconazole will do its job perfectly and destroy the fungal infection.
The active ingredients of the drug are quickly absorbed into the blood and ninety percent are absorbed by the body. They penetrate into all biological fluids, so they can even be found in breast milk and saliva. After about eight hours, the maximum concentration of active components peaks, which lasts for about a day.
Composition and release form
The product is available in various dosage forms:
- pills;
- capsules. Depending on the concentration of the active substance in blisters 1, 2, 4 or 7 pieces;
- solution for intravenous injection. The product is administered very slowly. The rate of administration is no more than ten milliliters per minute;
- suspension. Available in plastic bottles with a measuring spoon.
The main active ingredient is fluconazole. In addition to it, the drug contains the following elements: gelatin, starch, titanium, indigotine and more.
pharmachologic effect
The mechanism of action is associated with inhibition of the enzymatic activity of the cell. Fluconazole can accumulate in the blood and internal organs, reaching a concentration that can destroy pathogenic microflora. Take the drug regardless of meals.
Fluconazole will even help cope with advanced forms of cystitis, but it is important to choose the right dosage. During treatment, patients are recommended to undergo regular blood tests to monitor hematological parameters.
Indications for use
The range of applications of Fluconazole is quite wide. It is prescribed for medicinal purposes, for example, for fungal cystitis due to injuries or after surgery. It is also used for preventive purposes in cases of weakened immunity or after radiation therapy. The remedy copes with both acute and chronic forms of the inflammatory process.
Urologist: if you want to get rid of cystitis so that it doesn’t come back, you just need to dissolve Read more »
Let us highlight the main indications for use:
- cryptococcosis;
- systemic candidiasis;
- endemic mycoses;
- after therapy with immunosuppressants;
- thrush;
- lichen;
- diseases caused by yeast-like fungi;
- fungal cystitis.
Contraindications for use
Before starting treatment, it is important to pay attention to a number of restrictions:
- pregnancy;
- lactation;
- children under three years of age;
- alcoholism;
- intolerance to fluconazole;
- serious disorders of the liver and kidneys.
Side effects
Undesirable symptoms rarely occur in patients, but if this happens, it is most often due to the following reasons:
- incorrect reception;
- non-compliance with dosages;
- ignoring contraindications.
The following side effects may occur during treatment with Fluconazole:
- nausea and vomiting;
- lack of appetite, even to the point of disgust;
- flatulence;
- hives;
- anaphylaxis;
- jaundice;
- change in taste, abdominal pain;
- headaches and dizziness;
- swelling;
- convulsions;
- skin rash;
- irritability.
It is important to monitor the indicators of the urinary system. If you notice a change in the color of your urine or lower back pain, it is better to stop the drug and consult a doctor.
Overdose
Usually, symptoms of overdose disappear after discontinuation of the drug. If the clinical picture persists or becomes more pronounced, then you should consult a doctor. Nausea, vomiting, convulsions, diarrhea, arrhythmia, rash, dizziness - all this indicates an overdose of the drug. In severe cases, before the doctor arrives, it is recommended to perform a gastric lavage and take an adsorbent. Treatment also includes forced diuresis.
Drug interactions
If you simultaneously take Fluconazole with drugs against thrombosis, this can lead to an increase in the coagulation system. You should not combine an antifungal drug with products that contain theophylline. This will lead to intoxication.
WHAT DO THE DOCTOR'S SAY?
Doctor of Medical Sciences, Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation and Honorary Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Anton Vasiliev:
“I have been treating diseases of the genitourinary system for many years. According to statistics from the Ministry of Health, cystitis in 60% of cases becomes chronic.
The main mistake is delaying!
The sooner you start treating cystitis, the better. There is a remedy that is recommended for self-treatment and prevention of cystitis at home, since many patients do not seek help due to lack of time or shame. This is Ureferon. It is the most versatile. It contains no synthetic components, its effect is mild, but noticeable after the first day of use. It relieves inflammation, strengthens the walls of the bladder, its mucous membrane, and restores general immunity. It is suitable for both women and men. For men there will also be a pleasant bonus - increased potency. » READ FULL INTERVIEW»
It is forbidden to combine Fluconazole with drugs that lower blood glucose levels, as this can lead to a sharp drop in sugar. In addition, the removal of active components from the body will be slowed down. Simultaneous use with antihistamines threatens the appearance of arrhythmia and tachycardia.
Anti-tuberculosis drugs in combination with Fluconazole can cause vascular diseases of the eyeball. And if immunosuppressive drugs are used at the same time, there is a toxic effect on the kidneys.
As you can see, self-medication threatens serious complications. Be sure to consult a specialist and tell him the medications you are currently taking.
Fluconazole should be taken until complete recovery. If you interrupt the course of treatment, there is a high risk of relapse, and if the disease becomes chronic, it will be much more difficult to get rid of it. During the treatment course, it is important to monitor blood counts and the functional state of the liver and kidneys.
Indications for use
Despite the impeccable effectiveness of Fluconazole, it should only be taken with the permission of a specialist, since such therapy interacts difficultly with many conditions of the body, other drugs, and can have a detrimental effect in the presence of diseases that are a contraindication for the use of this substance.
Fluconazole is prescribed for fungal cystitis as the main treatment and as a prophylaxis or auxiliary drug, for example, for postoperative inflammation, injuries, taking drugs that lower the immune system, chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and many diseases.
In addition, it can often be found in prescriptions for the treatment of candidiasis in other areas, dermatomycosis.
Features of the treatment of childhood cystitis
Taking the drug Fluconazole for cystitis in children under three years of age is strictly contraindicated. If you follow the instructions of the drug, then children from four years old can take the medicine freely in accordance with the child’s weight, but this should not be done without a doctor’s prescription.
- Palin: instructions for use, price, substitutes, reviews
He must take into account the strength of the child’s immunity, his individual tolerance to the components of the drug, as well as the nature of the disease.
Oral administration is provided, where the dosage and administration are prescribed by the pediatrician based on test results.
Contraindications
The use of Fluconazole is very popular due to its beneficial effects and is generally safe for the body, however, in order to avoid complications and side effects, you should carefully read the reasons why therapy should be abandoned.
The drug is rarely prescribed to people suffering from kidney, liver and heart diseases, although with a properly designed dosage regimen it can still be used in such cases.
Also, in extreme cases, Fluconazole is prescribed to pregnant women without any special pathologies, with the permission of the gynecologist and attending physician.
The drug is not prescribed to children under one year of age, and with caution to children under three years of age.
While taking the drug, you will have to stop breastfeeding and drink alcohol and drugs.
Fluconazole should not be taken in parallel with antibiotics or hormonal drugs.
Violation of treatment precautions may provoke increased manifestation of side symptoms (nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal upset, headaches).
Side effects
If you take the drug incorrectly, ignoring the doctor's prescription or instructions for use, there is a high risk of side effects:
- Headaches, dizziness.
- Trembling limbs, convulsions, insomnia.
- Stool upset, vomiting, loss of appetite.
- Allergies in the form of rash, swelling, redness.
- Increased sweating, hair loss.
- Arrhythmia.
- Liver failure.
- Anemia.
- Development of myalgia.
- Increase in cholesterol.
- Fatigue, general malaise, fever.
In what dosages should I take Fluconazole?
The treatment regimen is drawn up by the doctor and he also determines the duration of therapy and the amount of substance required for use. In accordance with the general instructions, Fluconazole is recommended to be taken:
- children over 2 years old – 2-4 mg/1 kg of weight
- from 4 to 10 years – 6-8 mg/kg body weight
- adults (from 15 years old) – 150 mg per day for 15-30 days
- for the prevention of development or relapse - 50-400 mg per day, depending on the risk of occurrence of the lesion
Therapy usually takes some time, during which the drug is taken continuously. Its duration depends on the improvement of tests and other indicators of the patient’s health. However, in exceptional cases, for example, in the presence of concomitant diseases, the doctor may also prescribe a single use of the drug or with a break of several days.
Dosage and course of treatment
Treatment begins with a loading dose (200-400 mg), which allows the therapeutic concentration of the drug to be achieved as quickly as possible. From the second day you need to take Fluconazole 100 mg every 12 hours, or 150 mg once a day. In case of severe systemic fungal infection, the method of administration can be changed to intravenous administration (100 ml each).
The standard duration of therapy with Flucocazole is 7 days. However, with severe immunodeficiency, it can extend to 2-3 weeks.
Particular caution should be taken when treating the drug in patients with chronic renal failure. In case of cystitis, it is possible to start therapy with lower doses of 100-150 mg, and continue it with 50 mg of Fluconazole. This is done to avoid the accumulation of the drug in the body.
Reviews
- Girls, I cured cystitis by visiting a doctor. Self-medication led to a chronicle. Treatment was complex: rinsing, Fluconazole as the main antibiotic and vaginal capsules. Everything took about 3,000 rubles. Contact your doctor immediately, don’t delay!
- After giving birth, terrible sensations appeared, as if the urine was constantly full, it was impossible to distract myself for a minute! As soon as I started to get nervous, I immediately ran to the toilet, and so on every half hour, although there was no painful urination. After itching and discomfort appeared, I went to the doctor and was diagnosed with candidal cystitis. I don’t know the reasons, but after therapy everything went away. I took Fluconozole for two weeks and also drank three liters of water a day.
- However, the reasons for the appearance of cystitis: the presence of a lesion in the bladder, intestines, oral cavity, diseases such as diabetes mellitus, disruption of the bioflora of the genital organs. The main directions of therapy: general, i.e. suppression of the focus of candidiasis (tablets or capsules), and local (suppositories, tampons, ointments). It is also necessary to get rid of dysbiosis and maintain an acidic environment in the vagina. Triazoles work great, Fluconazole, for example. You can supplement the main treatment with herbs, they provide an anti-inflammatory effect.
- I was told at the clinic that cystitis in women often occurs after childbirth, catheterization or microtrauma. The posterior wall of the urethra borders the anterior wall of the vagina, and is often injured, especially during prolonged labor. Candidiasis can be triggered by cystitis, so this problem cannot be ignored under any circumstances!! Fluconazole is the most commonly prescribed medication and is taken for a month or less. Then repeated tests are taken and, if they are positive, the treatment is stopped. Sometimes the same drug is prescribed for prevention.
- A single dose of Fluconazole and similar drugs is definitely not enough. I myself have encountered this problem more than once, tried various antifungal drugs, but the effect was short-lived. The only effective treatment was Fluconazole in tablets plus a diet: exclude sweets, starchy foods, hot sauces and smoked foods (promote the growth of candida), it is better to eat more fruits and vegetables and drink more often. If you follow the recommendations, you can facilitate treatment and prevent relapse.
( 1 ratings, average: 5.00 out of 5)
What is candidal cystitis
Candidal cystitis is an infectious disease that affects the bladder. The peculiarity is that its appearance is provoked by fungal infections of the genus Candida.
In most cases, this disease is preceded by vulvovaginal candidiasis in women, and in men by candidal balanoposthitis. In some cases, infection of the entire body with candidal infection is observed after generalized or visceral candidiasis.
Causes
Candida Albicans is a fungal bacterium that causes the disease.
There are many reasons for the development of the disease:
- heredity,
- metabolic disease,
- the presence of diseases such as HIV infection and hepatitis.
In addition, the cause of the spread of infection may be reduced immunity.
Kinds
More than 17 types of Candida Albicans infections are known.
There are two ways by which it penetrates directly into the bladder:
- Ascending, in which the external genitalia becomes infected first. The infection moves through the urethra to the walls of the bladder.
- Descending - in this case, the infection is initially present in the mouth, stomach, or skin. It spreads throughout the body through the bloodstream, so it can also reach the bladder.
In addition, with the ascending route, infection can occur during medical manipulations with the bladder if a dirty catheter is used.
Can pregnant women and children take it?
During any trimester of pregnancy, it is not recommended to take the drug without prior approval from a specialist from the antenatal clinic. However, for pregnant women it is better to choose another, more gentle drug that has no restrictions.
Children under 16 years of age are prescribed to take reduced portions of the medicine, calculated based on the child’s weight. Parents of small children should take into account that Fluconazole should absolutely not be given to a child under 3 years of age. This can lead to irreparable consequences.
Is Fluconazole compatible with other drugs?
It is not recommended to combine with Warfarin.
- This drug should not be used with Warfarin, as the risk of increasing prothrombin time increases.
- It is not recommended to use with antidiabetic agents; when used together, hypoglycemia may develop.
- Use with the drug "Rifabutin" is also undesirable, since diseases of the vessels of the eyeball may occur.
- When used with Hydrochlorothiazide, there is a risk of increasing the plasma content of the active element fluconazole.
There are special instructions
Cystitis should be treated with Fluconazole until the disease is completely eliminated, since if the disease is not treated, a relapse will occur. During therapy, blood counts should be monitored and the functioning of the kidneys and liver should be monitored. If the functioning of these organs is disrupted, you should stop using the medicine. People with AIDS have an increased reaction and may experience severe side effects on the skin, so if such symptoms occur, stop taking the drug.
Overdose symptoms
If you incorrectly calculate the dosage or neglect the recommendations of specialists, you can spoil your health due to increased intake of fluconazole, although the recommendations for the correct dosage are clearly indicated in the package insert. Typically, an overdose is indicated by the sudden occurrence of diarrhea, vomiting, nausea and convulsions during treatment with the medication.
If such symptoms appear, then the use of the drug is interrupted, and improvements occur on their own within 1-2 days. If the condition worsens after stopping or there is no improvement, the patient needs drug treatment in a hospital. First medical aid consists of gastric lavage and drinking a large amount of sobrents - activated carbon, 1 tablet per 10 kilograms of weight.
Diagnostics
It is impossible to independently determine the presence of cystitis. When the first symptoms appear, a person should consult a doctor. He will conduct an initial examination and give directions for laboratory tests.
Diagnostic measures include:
- examination of the problem area;
- general analysis of urine and blood;
- detection of antibodies in the blood by serological analysis;
- Ultrasound.
Diagnosis of the disease is carried out by different specialists: a therapist, a urologist and a gynecologist.
Composition and release form
Fluconazole is a broad-spectrum antifungal drug. Available in the form of capsules No. 1. The capsule body is hard and painted blue. The contents are presented in the form of a white powder with a yellow tint.
One capsule contains:
- active ingredient - fluconazole - 150 mg;
- potato starch - 129 mg;
- low molecular weight polyvinylpyrrolidone - 18 mg;
- calcium stearate (magnesium stearate) - 3 mg.
The capsule body consists of 3 components: titanium dioxide, indigotine and gelatin.
The medicine is packaged in contour cells and cardboard boxes. One package contains 1, 3 or 10 capsules.
Fluconazole is also available in capsules No. 3, 50 mg each, having an identical composition, but in smaller proportions.
Adverse reactions and overdose
Fluconazole is well tolerated by patients. However, the following side effects are sometimes observed:
- disorders of the digestive system (nausea, single vomiting, discomfort in the epigastric region, abdominal pain, diarrhea, burning sensation, loss of appetite);
- toxic effects on the liver (transient increase in the concentration of enzymes, bilirubin);
- local or generalized allergic reactions (skin rash, anaphylactic reactions, Quincke's edema);
- inhibition of hematopoiesis (decreased number of red blood cells, leukocytes, platelets, increased tendency to bleeding, anemia, decreased immune reactivity of the body);
- pain in peripheral muscles or joints;
- increased fatigue, decreased performance;
- the occurrence of ventricular tachycardia (in patients with additional conduction pathways);
- hearing impairment;
- dizziness;
- increased drowsiness or, conversely, sleep disturbances;
- increase in body temperature.
In case of an overdose of Fluconazole (taking more than 800 mg of medication), symptoms of damage to the central nervous system are observed. Patients experience hallucinations, suppression of reflexes and sensitivity, impaired consciousness (up to coma). At the same time, the development of acute toxic hepatitis is possible. With this complication, rapid cytolysis occurs, a sharp increase in the concentration of bilirubin and liver enzymes. The most dangerous conditions here are encephalopathy, coagulopathy and the accumulation of toxic metabolites. The most effective treatment methods during acute overdose are hemodialysis and forced diuresis.
Pharmacological properties of the drug
Patients from more than 50 countries around the world consider Fluconazole to be one of the most effective antifungal drugs that are relatively harmless to the body. Its fungicidal effect on the fungal pathogen is based on suppressing the synthesis of intracellular enzymes and blocking the formation of ergosterol, an important component of the cell membrane that ensures cell viability.
The main feature of fluconazole is its selective action, the destruction of pathogenic cells without harming the “host” cells.
Pharmacokinetic properties include:
- good absorption (up to 90%) and rapid distribution throughout the body (tissues, internal organs and all biological fluids);
- the ability to achieve therapeutic concentrations within 8 hours after administration and maintain them throughout the day;
- excretion of the drug in unchanged form by the kidneys and in the form of metabolites (80% - 11%) within one and a half days;
- lack of connection between taking fluconazole and food intake.
