Urine test for sugar: how to correctly collect and submit the daily requirement

Glucose (sugar) is an important component of metabolic processes, participating in the process of energy production, work and nutrition of the heart muscle, brain, and liver cells. Present in low concentrations in gemma and absent in urine. Normal blood sugar ranges from 3.3 to 5.5 mmol/l. In urine this indicator is contained in the range from 0.06 to 0.083 mmol/l.

If the norm of this substance in the urine is exceeded, there is reason to assume malfunctions in the functioning of the endocrine system, kidneys, digestive tract organs, heart muscle and vascular system.

To determine the concentration of a substance in urine, analysis of morning and daily urine is prescribed. To obtain true and not false data, the technique of preparing and collecting biomaterial should be followed.

Preparation and collection of material for daily urine analysis

Laboratory research is especially popular in medicine and carries extensive information content. A widely used examination method is a 24-hour urine test. This analysis can help in studying the performance of the kidneys, as well as checking the amount of substances excreted from the body during the day.

What is a daily urine test and why is it collected?

Immediately before the test, urine is collected in one large container for 24 hours (24 hours). Daily diuresis is done at any age, including newborns. Deciphering this type of analysis allows us to determine a number of pathological processes in the body.

Based on age, gender and lifestyle, the amount of urine excreted during the day ranges from 1 to 2 liters. Components that determine the composition of urine:

• water (about 97%);
• xanthine, indican and creatinine;
• potassium, sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, as well as traces of calcium;
• uric acid and its compounds;
• phosphates, sulfates and chlorides.

This analysis is mainly carried out to check the functioning of the kidneys and to control the amount of active substances, which makes it possible to determine the development of diabetes mellitus, urological diseases, and to monitor the progress of pregnancy in women.

Normal daily diuresis

Laboratory assistants who conduct a general urine test know all the standard indicators. Upon completion of the analysis, a completed form is sent from the laboratory to the attending physician who wrote out the prescription for it. This form indicates the norms of substances in the urine of a healthy person and the real numbers of a particular patient.

The conclusion about the state of the body depends on the assessment of the following main indicators:

• total volume of urine in 24 hours. A healthy woman excretes 1 - 1.6 liters per day, a man - from 1 to 2 liters, and children should not exceed 1 liter per day;
• the glucose level when testing urine for sugar should not be higher than 1.6 mmol/day;
• Normal creatinine for men is in the range of 7-18 mmol/day, for women – 5.3-16 mmol/day;
• protein: normal protein excretion is 0.08-0.24 g/day, its concentration is from 0 to 0.014 g/day;
• urea is present normally at 250-570 mmol/day;
• oxalates - in women - 228-626 µmol/day or 20-54 mg/day; in men – 228-683 µmol/day or 20-60 mg/day;
• hemoglobin should be absent;
• urobilinogen - does not exceed 10 µmol;
• color, density and transparency;
• Urine pH indicates changes in blood pH.

How to prepare for the test

To significantly reduce the risk of receiving erroneous readings, it is important to prepare properly. The doctor tells you how to prepare during the consultation and when submitting a referral for analysis. 2-3 days before the delivery of the material, you must fulfill the basic requirements:

• maintain hygiene of the external genitalia during the period of collecting material;
• on the eve of the study, remove from the diet foods that contribute to urine coloring: beets, bright berries, carrots;
• limit the consumption of spicy, fatty, salty and very sweet foods;
• You should maintain your usual drinking regimen throughout the day;
• stop using chemicals.

In cases where taking medications is vital, you should not stop taking them. To correct the accuracy of the analysis indicators, you should inform the laboratory technician who will conduct the laboratory test about the list of medications and their dosage.

Rules for collecting urine for research

A special feature of this type of examination is that all urine is collected within 24 hours, so it is not recommended to plan trips or other events on this day.

Simple rules on how to correctly collect daily urine for analysis:

1. The first thing you need to do is prepare a sterile, dried 2 or 3 liter container with a wide neck and a tight lid, or buy a specialized 2.7 liter plastic container from the pharmacy chain.
2. Record the start time of collecting material so that exactly 24 hours have passed. If you take urine for the first time at 7 am, then the last portion should be taken at 7 am the next day.
3. Wash your intimate organs without using products that contain added fragrances. It is possible to use a weak solution of potassium permanganate or furatsilin.
4. The initial portion of urine is not collected in the morning, after sleep, but the time is recorded.
5. You should urinate in a dry and clean small container and immediately pour the urine into the main container and close the lid tightly.
6. Store the container with all the urine on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator, away from freezing, and make sure that the lid is closed as tightly as possible.
7. On the day of the test, after the last urine collection in the morning, the entire contents of the main container should be carefully stirred and 150-200 grams should be poured into a special small vessel.

On a note! The rules for collecting daily urine for analysis for pregnant women are exactly the same as for everyone.

Before starting the study, you should find out from your doctor how much urine you need to take for analysis. Sometimes the doctor recommends bringing the entire large container to determine exactly how much fluid is released over a twenty-four hour period.

Contraindications

There are days in the lives of both men and women when such an analysis cannot be taken.

It is not advisable to collect urine in the following cases:

• after sexual intercourse, since the research material will contain an increased protein content;
• women during menstruation;
• Drinking alcohol and coffee the day before is contraindicated. The chemical composition of urine will not correspond to the chemical processes in the body, which will distort the results of the analysis;
• after intense physical activity and under stress, since there will be more protein in the test liquid and this will not be a true physiological indicator;
• It is strictly forbidden to store urine at room temperature.

When taking the test, some patients bring to the laboratory a small amount of collected urine that has been standing in the room for 24 hours. They are convinced that it is this kind of urine that is the daily urine. This situation is curious and deeply erroneous.

By fulfilling all the basic requirements for the preparation, collection and storage of urine, the result of a daily analysis will be as reliable as possible and will help to correctly diagnose any kind of disease.

Source: https://UroHelp.guru/diagnostika/analizy/sutochnaya-mocha.html

Daily urine for sugar: how to collect correctly, interpretation of the analysis

Glucose has nutritional properties for the body. It is found in human blood. The presence of this substance in other biological fluids is unacceptable.

Its appearance in urine, as a rule, indicates diabetes or other pathologies of the genitourinary system. To make an accurate diagnosis, it is necessary to test daily urine for sugar.

You will learn how to collect analysis correctly from today’s article.

Glucose and its importance for the body

Glucose is an important component of all metabolic processes. It enters the body with food, and its main purpose is energy. This substance provides all systems with energy and stimulates intracellular interactions. Among its other positive properties are the following:

• participation in metabolic processes;
• brain nutrition;
• normalization of the heart muscle;
• increasing the cleansing ability of the liver in case of poisoning.

Types of analyzes

There are 2 types of tests during which urine is examined for glucose content: morning and daily. Each of them has a specific collection technique.

Most often, when diagnosing various diseases, they resort to the first option. The research is quite simple. It is necessary to purchase a special container for biological fluid at the pharmacy. Perform hygiene procedures in the morning.

Women are additionally recommended to cover the perineum with a tampon to prevent discharge from entering the urine. Otherwise, they may distort the final result. The first portion of urine should be skipped. For the study, only the average is taken.

Along with the form, the container with the biological material must be taken to the laboratory or clinic.

How to collect a daily urine test for sugar? This research method is used much less frequently. Pregnant women have to deal with it. And for diagnosing childhood pathologies it is used in exceptional cases. Below we will talk in more detail about this analysis and the algorithm for its implementation.

Causes of sugar in urine

glucose in urine is a deviation from the norm. The kidneys help keep this substance in the bloodstream. If their filtration function is impaired, it can penetrate into the urine. This disorder is also observed due to a physiological reaction to frequent stress or drug abuse.

In some cases, sugar in the urine indicates serious illness:

• renal glucosuria, characterized by the lack of function of glucose uptake by the kidneys;
• Fanconi syndrome in pregnant women;
• diabetes.

To make an accurate diagnosis, it is necessary to test daily urine for sugar. The doctor should tell you how to collect the analysis. This procedure is carried out according to a certain algorithm.

Preparing for analysis

On the eve of the date of the proposed procedure, serious psychological and physical stress on the body should be excluded. Only in this case the test result will be as reliable as possible.

The best option is a relaxing holiday and quality sleep. In addition, doctors recommend excluding from the diet some foods that affect the color of biological fluid. We are talking about all citrus fruits, beets and buckwheat porridge.

You should not abuse sweets and carbonated drinks.

It is worth noting that increased glucose in the urine is always accompanied by accompanying symptoms. For example, a person is haunted by a constant feeling of thirst and a drowsy state. He experiences causeless weight loss, frequent urination, and excessive dry skin.

Thus, the violation does not occur in a hidden form. If you notice any of the above symptoms, you should immediately consult a doctor in order to begin treatment in a timely manner.

In addition to the daily analysis after the examination, the specialist may prescribe other studies that allow us to evaluate the patient’s clinical picture in its entirety.

How to properly collect daily urine for sugar?

The form of research described in the article is considered the most informative. With its help, in laboratory conditions, you can determine the amount of glucose that was sown in urine in one day. However, it is very important to know how to collect daily urine for sugar correctly. There is a certain algorithm in this matter:

1. Initially, you need to prepare two containers. One should be 3-5 liters, and the second should be a household measuring cup. The container should be thoroughly washed and sterilized. The first is used directly to collect urine, the other is used to calculate the volume of biological fluid.
2. The analysis is collected only during the day. It's better to start at 6 am. The first portion of urine should be flushed into the toilet, and the second portion should be filled into a large container. The procedure must be repeated until 6 am the next day.
3. It is recommended to record the time of collection and the amount of urine on a special form issued by the doctor.
4. The next day at 6 am, you need to mix the resulting biological material and pour a small amount (from 100 to 200 ml) into a separate test tube. It can be purchased at a pharmacy. It is this test tube with the form that must be taken to the laboratory for further testing of 24-hour urine for sugar.

Only by following the algorithm described above can you obtain a reliable result.

Storage requirements

When storing collected biological material, you must follow some rules. First of all, prolonged contact of urine with air should be limited. Therefore, it is recommended to store it in a container with a screw-on lid.

You should also take care of the storage location. Collecting daily urine for sugar usually occurs in the toilet. However, you need to store the container in a cool place where the temperature does not exceed 8 degrees. A refrigerator is best suited for these purposes.

Decoding the analysis: normative indicators

A urine test for sugar from the daily amount allows you to identify many disorders in the functioning of the body. Normally, the daily diuresis of a healthy person is 1200-1500 ml. An upward change in this parameter indicates polyuria, which occurs due to water load. A similar disorder occurs in diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus.

The color of biological material is normally listed as straw yellow. This shade is given to it by urochrome. When a liquid has a more intense hue, this indicates its high concentration. This happens if the patient consumes little fluid.

Urine should be clear. Salts of phosphoric and uric acids give it a cloudy tint. The presence of crystals indicates urolithiasis. In the case of purulent impurities, the biological material also becomes cloudy.

Normally, when testing daily urine for sugar, traces of its concentration up to 0.02% are allowed. The pH value should not exceed 5-7 units.

What does the increased value indicate?

If glucose is found in the urine of adults, this may indicate diabetes or problems with the pancreas. In addition, an increased concentration of sugar sometimes signals oncological pathologies, infectious or inflammatory diseases.

In diabetes, the condition of the kidneys only worsens over time, which can provoke hydronephrosis. This disorder is characterized by enlargement of the renal pelvis and accumulation of urine in its structures. The progression of the pathology entails the development of renal failure.

Collecting urine for sugar from the daily amount is also sometimes prescribed for children. Normally, glucose should not be present in their urine. The minimum acceptable values ​​are 0.08 mmol/l.

Exceeding the indicators, as a rule, indicates a violation in metabolic processes. This can lead to the development of diabetes. However, before making a final diagnosis, a repeat urine test is required.

Possible errors are associated with eating a large amount of sweets.

Many pregnant women know how to collect daily urine for sugar. They undergo this test regularly to monitor glucose levels. In healthy pregnant women, this substance should not be present in urine. However, against the background of natural physiological changes, sugar may appear.

In this case, a repeat study is prescribed. If the result is positive, appropriate treatment is recommended. The thing is that glucose in the urine indicates gestational diabetes.

This is a fairly serious condition that negatively affects the health of both the woman herself and the baby inside the womb.

Next steps for the patient

After detecting an increased level of glucose in the urine, you will need to take a similar test, but the test material will be blood. If the results are within the normal range, a glucose tolerance test will follow. If this study does not show abnormalities, steps will be taken to establish the root cause of glycosuria.

Otherwise, the diagnosis of diabetes is confirmed for the patient and adequate therapy is selected to eliminate the accompanying symptoms and prevent complications.

Source: https://FB.ru/article/406086/sutochnaya-mocha-na-sahar-kak-sobirat-pravilno-rasshifrovka-analiza

Normal level of sugar in urine

A healthy person does not have sugar in their urine. This means that carbohydrate metabolism is not impaired.

Normal glucose levels are considered to be from 0.5 to 0.8 mmol/l after consuming large amounts of sweet foods .

Excessive deviation from the norm indicates disorders and pathologies in the kidneys, or indicates the progression of diabetes mellitus.

Rules for collecting, methods of conducting and deciphering a urine test for sugar

A urine test for sugar is required if the attending physician suspects that a person has developed diabetes mellitus or another disease related to kidney function.

Glucose is an essential element of the blood, but its presence in the urine serves as the main signal of the appearance of pathology in a person. To obtain reliable information, a urine test is taken to determine the presence of glucose in it, which differs from a standard urine test in its algorithm and methods of action.

Why do they test urine for sugar?

Glucose may be present in human urine, but in low concentrations. A small sugar level will be considered normal. With a high carbohydrate content in urine, we can talk about the presence of glucosuria in a person.

Glucosuria occurs for a number of reasons, the main ones being:

• disruptions in the functioning of the endocrine system;
• constant stress;
• overwork;
• overuse of medications.

As a response from the body, a person begins to experience an increased level of glucose in urine. Glucosuria appears against the background of progression of diabetes mellitus and poor absorption of glucose by the kidneys.

Taking a urine sample to check your sugar level is necessary for the following symptoms:

• headache;
• constant feeling of dry mouth and thirst;
• constant feeling of hunger;
• constant urge to urinate;
• the appearance of vision problems;
• constant feeling of fatigue;
• frequent numbness in the legs and arms.

The reason for urgent testing is a person’s rapid weight loss. Men have problems with potency, and women have problems with the menstrual cycle.

Collection rules

Collecting urine to detect sugar in it requires preliminary preparation. Without it, the doctor will not be able to obtain accurate and reliable data about the possible causes of excess glucose in the urine.

Much depends on the type of analysis. There are morning and daily variants of urine tests.

More accurate data is provided by daily analysis. With its help, it is possible to identify the degree of manifestation of glucosuria.

Preparation for delivery

The preparatory measures for a patient undergoing both types of analysis differ little. It is recommended to stop taking medications the day before the procedure. You should not take diuretics.

Additionally, the following conditions must be met:

• do not consume foods that can change the color of urine the day before or on the day of testing (buckwheat, tomatoes, coffee, oranges, beets, tea);
• stock up in advance on sterile dry containers for analysis (small for morning analysis, 3-liter for daily analysis);
• do not engage in physical labor or sports before taking tests;
• do not overwork;
• on the day of the analysis, perform genital hygiene (wash the organs with soap and wipe with a paper towel);
• during the morning analysis, the patient should not eat any food in the morning.

How to collect daily analysis?

If the morning test is taken once, then the daily test means collecting urine all day. To carry out the procedure, you will need a large container that can hold up to 3 liters of urine. During the day, the patient drinks water as required, keeping the genitals constantly clean.

When submitting a daily analysis, the following algorithm of actions is provided:

• the first morning trip to the toilet with emptying the bladder without collecting urine;
• from the second trip, the urine is collected in one large container;
• collection takes place within 24 hours (from morning to morning);
• each time the container with collected urine is placed in the refrigerator, where an optimal temperature of 4-70C is created;
• the next day, the patient records the volume of urine excreted during the day;
• the person’s weight and height are recorded on the bank;
• after the analysis, the contents of the jar are shaken;
• from the total volume of urine, only 200 ml are selected and poured into a previously prepared sterile and dry container;
• this container is transferred to a specialist.

Patients must carefully monitor compliance with this algorithm. Urine should be collected in one common container. It should not be stored at room temperature.

Reliable data shows material transferred within 1.5 hours from the moment of the last bladder emptying.

If this period is exceeded, the study provides inaccurate information due to rapid changes in the chemical composition of urine.

Sugar in urine analysis during pregnancy

During normal functioning of a pregnant woman’s body, this type of carbohydrate should not be present in urine.

From the 27th week of pregnancy, women often experience bursts of increased sugar levels in their urine. This is due to the fetal need for glucose. For this reason, the mother's body begins to produce excess sugar, temporarily slowing down the production of insulin.

The presence of glucose in the urine of pregnant women is associated with a heavy load on the kidneys. They are not always able to filter its excess, passing part into the urine. A short-term and single observation of increased sugar in the urine in pregnant women is considered a normal physiological phenomenon.

If this phenomenon occurs systematically, there is a high probability of developing diabetes mellitus in a pregnant woman.

This is expressed by symptoms:

• strong appetite;
• incessant thirst, dry mouth;
• frequent urination;
• increased blood pressure;
• the appearance of infections in the vagina.

Women at risk include:

• those who became pregnant after 30 years of age;
• had high levels of sugar in the blood and urine before pregnancy;
• having excess weight;
• who gave birth to their first child weighing over 4.5 kg.

The following recommendations will allow you to avoid the appearance of glucose in urine in pregnant women:

• rest;
• monitoring weight dynamics;
• being under frequent supervision of a gynecologist;
• quitting smoking and alcohol during pregnancy;
• constant testing;
• dietary food.

Methods for determining glucose in urine

Standard tests cannot detect the presence or absence of sugar in the urine.

Special methods are used for this:

• Nylander's test;
• glucose oxidase test;
• Gaines test;
• colorimetric method;
• polarimetric method.

Table of descriptions of glucose determination methods:

Norms and interpretation of analysis

Urine standards have the following indicators:

• normal urine volume per day is from 1200 to 1500 ml;
• color - pale yellow;
• urine structure is transparent;
• sugar level - not higher than 0.02%;
• pH level - not less than 5, not more than 7;
• no pungent odor;
• amount of protein - up to 0.002 g/l.

- material from Dr. Malysheva about the norms and reasons for changes in urine analysis:

If normal indicators are exceeded, the specialist is able to collect a complete picture and decipher the research data as follows:

• exceeding the normal volume of urine excreted per day - the development of polyuria against the background of a large water load on the body as a clear symptom of diabetes mellitus or diabetes insipidus;
• dark color - lack of water in the body or its retention in tissues;
• cloudy urine - the development of urolithiasis or inflammatory disease of the kidneys or bladder due to the presence of pus;
• increased sugar concentration - diabetes mellitus, renal glucosuria;
• high pH - improper kidney function;
• sweetish smell - diabetes mellitus, a lot of ketone bodies;
• excess protein - pyelonephritis, cystitis, hypertension, urethritis, kidney tuberculosis, prostatitis (in men).

Source: https://DiabetHelp.guru/diagnostics/analizy/mochi-na-saxar.html

Why does glucose appear in urine?

Sugar is processed by the kidneys and enters the blood. If the renal parenchyma or renal tubules are damaged, some carbohydrates may leak into the bladder and be excreted in urine.

Other reasons for the appearance of glucose in biomaterials include:

• Diabetes;
• Excess of sweets in the diet;
• Pregnancy;
• Thyroid disease and other disruptions in the hormonal system;
• Acute pancreatitis;
• Pathologies of the adrenal glands;
• Tumor formation;
• Consequences of illnesses with nervous disorders (multiple sclerosis, stroke);
• Various nephrosis.

It is important! Experts regard the presence of carbohydrates in a general urine test as one of the symptoms of developing negative processes in the body that require careful study and the prescription of adequate treatment.

Urine analysis for sugar: rules for collecting and deciphering the results - Don’t worry, little liver!

Glucose is an essential element of the blood, but its presence in the urine serves as the main signal of the appearance of pathology in a person. To obtain reliable information, a urine test is taken to determine the presence of glucose in it, which differs from a standard urine test in its algorithm and methods of action.

How is urine tested for sugar and why does it increase?

Collecting urine for sugar is prescribed if the development of various diseases is suspected: from diabetes mellitus to glomerulonephritis.

Often this study is prescribed for preventive purposes or to exclude pathologies of the endocrine system. To avoid receiving false positive results, it is important to follow the rules for collecting urine for sugar and be able to interpret the results obtained.

Why does sugar appear in urine?

Glucose or sugar in a healthy body is not excreted in urine. This compound takes part in all metabolic processes in the body, providing it with energy. During life, this compound, as part of the primary urine, enters the renal tubules, where it is completely absorbed and is not excreted. Residual amounts of the substance are not detected by conventional tests.

If carbohydrate is excreted in the urine, this is an indicator of impaired absorption processes in the renal tubules or excess glucose in the blood.

The level of glucose in peripheral blood should be in the range of 3.5-6.5 mmoll; when the level reaches 7-8 mmoll, the normal functioning of the body is disrupted. An increase in the concentration of glucose in the blood leads to the fact that the kidney cells cannot absorb it and begin to “pass” glucose, losing carbohydrates.

There are several forms of glucosuria, depending on the cause that provoked its appearance:

• Physiological - in the absence of pathology of internal organs, the culprit for the appearance of sugar in the urine may be high-calorie foods or an increase in the load on the urinary system during pregnancy. Emotional glycosuria occurs against the background of stress, emotional dissonance or overwork.
• In a healthy person, sugar in the urine can appear with a sharp increase in glucose intake from food, during pregnancy and under stress. In all these cases, the appearance of glucose in the urine is noted once and is no longer recorded when the analysis is repeated.
• In diabetes mellitus, the body's inability to absorb glucose from food leads to its excess release. Blood sugar levels may remain normal or elevated, but the carbohydrate is found in the urine.
• In pancreatitis, acute inflammation of the pancreas leads to impaired secretion of enzymes and impaired absorption of carbohydrates.
• Endocrine - increased secretion of hormones from the adrenal glands, thyroid and pancreas also leads to disruption of the processes regulating absorption in the kidneys.
• Central - the work of the urinary organs is controlled by signals coming from the brain. Dysregulation of the osmolation of substances can cause injuries, neoplasms, and inflammatory diseases of the nervous system. With these pathologies, a urine test for sugar is rarely performed, since they are diagnosed based on other symptoms.
• In case of poisoning, some chemical compounds cause disruption of the kidneys, due to which they cannot completely utilize glucose and part of the substance enters the urine unchanged.
• Pathologies of the excretory organs - secondary glucosuria develops. Diseases of the urinary tract, in which inflammatory changes occur in the tissues of the kidneys, also lead to a decrease in the absorption capacity of the tubules and the “leakage” of various compounds into the urine. Tests can reveal salts, bacteria, proteins and sugar.

Source: https://ahcrb.ru/bolezni-pochek/analiz-mochi-na-sahar-pravila-sbora-i-rasshifrovka-rezultatov.html

How to properly collect material from children

For a routine study, morning urine is taken and collected in clean, disinfected containers. Most people can easily do this task, but small children have difficulty assembling.

For analysis, a few milliliters of liquid are enough, and when using test strips, a few drops; sterility is not required for a one-time determination.

The main task is to collect the minimum required amount of material .

For girls who can already use the potty, a familiar container is used to collect urine. To do this, the pot is thoroughly washed and disinfected with hot water. It is more difficult to collect urine from infants. In this case, two options are possible, depending on the method of analysis and the distance of the laboratory.

If you need to deliver the material to the laboratory, you can collect it on a clean oilcloth or plastic film when swaddling the baby and carefully pour it into a container. If you have test strips, the task is simplified - you can wrap the strip in a small piece of gauze and place it in the diaper. When the child urinates, the gauze will become saturated with liquid and a sufficient amount will fall on the reaction zone of the strip.

Daily urine test for sugar - collection rules, norms and interpretation

Urinalysis is a simple, but at the same time quite informative research method. Testing urine for sugar may be prescribed to diagnose diabetes. Normally, there should be no glucose in urine.

A 24-hour urine test for sugar must be carried out correctly, otherwise the result will be inaccurate. You should ask your doctor how to submit urine for testing before doing so.

It is advisable to purchase a special container in order to collect the material.

A small container can be used to collect material

How to collect analysis?

To collect daily analysis, you will need to use 2 containers. For the first time in the morning you will need to urinate in the toilet. During the day you need to urinate in one large container. The next morning, you need to wait until the collected material is mixed, and pour urine from the daily amount into a second container. It is the second container that needs to be submitted for examination.

It is advisable to perform genital hygiene before each urination. This will prevent various bacteria from getting into the urine, which can distort the result.

Daily research is the most accurate. During the day, a person's urine levels may change. By analyzing the material that was collected during the day, it is possible to identify hidden pathologies.

Only sterile containers should be used to store urine. It is advisable to purchase special containers at the pharmacy. This way you can get the most accurate result without distortion.

The doctor uses not only special tests, but also pays attention to the color of urine during the examination