Features of kidney disease in children - at what age does it develop, how to detect, diagnosis and treatment

Children's immune systems are not as developed as those of adults, so they are exposed to infectious diseases. The baby’s body develops gradually, and the kidneys are formed by 1.5 years.

If you notice that you have problems urinating, your body temperature has increased, or pain in your back has arisen, this may indicate an illness. In the first years of life, kidney diseases are asymptomatic, which leads to the development of complications. If you do not start treating the disease, it becomes chronic and it is more difficult to cure the pathology. It is necessary to know how kidney disease manifests itself in children in order to diagnose it.

Causes

The inflammatory process of the urinary system (nephritis) can develop for a variety of reasons. Children in the age group from 3 to 7 years are at risk. Nephritis can act as a primary or concomitant disease. Very often it develops against the background of hypothermia or as a concomitant illness with acute respiratory infections, sore throat, and various infections. The risk of developing inflammation increases if the baby suffers from chronic diseases (diabetes mellitus or tonsillitis).

The main reasons for the development of nephritis:

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genetic predisposition;
weakness of the immune system;
the presence of concomitant infectious processes;
autoimmune disorders;
hypothermia;
allergy;
complications after suffering from acute respiratory viral infections, tonsillitis and other diseases of the upper respiratory tract;
previous skin diseases;
previous scarlet fever;
the presence of a bacterial infection that affects the kidneys through the urinary tract (coccal infection, E. coli, etc.).

Most often, kidney inflammation is a consequence of an infection, that is, a peculiar reaction of the body to the activity of pathogenic microflora. Due to this process, the functionality of the kidneys is impaired, the nature and process of urine outflow changes. The fundamental factors for the development of nephritis can be called:

presence of chronic diseases;
decreased normal blood supply to the kidneys;
physiological abnormalities in the structure of the organs of the urinary system;
failure to comply with personal hygiene rules (especially in girls);
disordered eating.

Types of kidney diseases

The most common kidney and urinary tract diseases in children are:

Different types of nephritis - inflammations of different nature: pyelonephritis (acute and non-acute), glomerulonephritis (acute, subacute and chronic), cystitis and urethritis.
Nephritic syndrome is a lesion of the glomerular apparatus of the kidneys, which is responsible for filtering blood. As a rule, this condition accompanies other diseases: tuberculosis, various liver diseases, diabetes mellitus, allergic reactions. Nephrotic syndrome can be congenital, as a result of genetic failures, or develop from advanced glomerulonephritis or pyelonephritis. By its nature, nephrotic syndrome is an inflammation and manifests itself in a similar way.
Renal failure – the kidneys, for one reason or another, cannot perform their functions.
Nephroptosis is a displacement of the kidney relative to its normal position, usually prolapse. This disorder is also known as wandering kidney. Most often, nephroptosis is a congenital phenomenon. It is fraught with the fact that the kidney can, turning around its axis, stretch and compress the blood vessels.
Sometimes cysts are also found in the kidneys - special non-cellular formations. Most often, they themselves are harmless, but there is a considerable risk of the cyst degenerating into a malignant tumor.
If a child’s diet is unbalanced, the content of salts (oxolates, urates or phosphates) in his urine may increase. Such changes are usually temporary, but ignoring them can lead to serious consequences - the formation of sand and stones in the kidneys. Fortunately, urolithiasis in children is not a very common occurrence.

Sources used:

https://bolyatpochki.ru/vospalenie/vospalenie-pochek-u-detej-simptomy-160.html
https://deteylechenie.ru/mochevydelitelnaya-sistema/bolezni-pochek-u-detej.html
https://nefrologinfo.ru/deti/vospalenie-pochek-u-rebenka.html
https://etopochki.ru/nefrit/info/lechenie-nefrita-u-detej.html
https://fb.ru/article/390034/vospalenie-pochek-u-rebenka-vozmojnyie-prichinyi-simptomyi-provedenie-diagnosticheskih-issledovaniy-diagnoz-lechenie-i-profilaktika
https://zdorovyemalisha.ru/zdorovye/vospalenie-pochek-u-rebenka.html
https://urohelp.guru/pochki/obshee/bolezni-u-detej.html

Clinical picture

Children of any age can suffer from nephritis. Often the inflammatory process is asymptomatic, the blurred clinical picture and the difference in the symptoms that appear make diagnosis difficult.

Common symptoms of nephritis:

pain in the lumbar region;
a sharp increase in temperature to high values;
disturbance of the urination process.

As inflammation develops, the following signs may appear:

heaviness in the sides and back;
change in the character of urine (turbidity);
swelling of the skin, which manifests itself more after sleep;
weakness, apathy;
intoxication of the body;
pallor and cyanosis of the skin and mucous membranes;
sleep disturbance;
lack of appetite.

Infants are also susceptible to developing an inflammatory disease, since due to their age they cannot indicate a painful ailment. Parents should be alert to the following behavior changes in their infants:

tearfulness;
refusal to go to the toilet because the baby experiences pain when urinating;
grunting or redness during urination;
frequent regurgitation;
a significant increase in temperature levels;
sleep disturbance;
the appearance of foam, clots or other foreign impurities in the urine.

Individual symptoms may indicate the presence of a certain form of inflammatory process. For example, with pyelonephritis, children suffer from frequent regurgitation, nausea, often vomiting, acute and paroxysmal pain. With glomerulonephritis, swelling appears, blood pressure increases, and laboratory tests of urine reveal the presence of protein and blood.

The appearance of at least one of the above signs in a child is a good reason for an emergency visit to the doctor. Self-medication or inadequate treatment of the inflammatory process can lead to serious complications.

Main features

If kidney inflammation is diagnosed in children, the symptoms of this disease will include the following specific signs:

general weakness;
the amount of urine excreted noticeably decreases, sediment is observed, and flakes form;
decreased or complete lack of appetite;
headache;
pain when urinating;
localized pain in the lumbar region;
nausea, possible vomiting;
pressure surges;
swelling of the eyelids;
change in the smell and color of urine;
a sharp jump in body temperature;
increased sweating;
pallor of the skin, sometimes cyanosis.

It is worth noting that with different localizations of the affected area, characteristic signs are present:

Pyelonephritis is characterized by:

nausea, frequent vomiting is possible;
acute pain, paroxysmal in nature.

Glomerulonephritis is characterized by:

hypertension;
swelling;
When examining urine, increased protein and blood are detected.

Interstitial nephritis is characterized by an almost complete absence of specific symptoms.

Symptoms of the disease in infants

Children of this age category are not able to tell or show where and what hurts them, so it is important to know what symptoms can be used to suspect kidney inflammation:

moodiness, frequent crying;
the baby rarely urinates, endures until the last due to pain when urinating;
frequent regurgitation, possible vomiting;
the child turns red and grunts when urinating;
restless sleep;
decreased appetite;
hyperthermia;
There are clots and foam in the urine.

Parents should understand that the disease in a child at this age can be complicated by renal and heart failure, so you should not hesitate, you must immediately consult a doctor if you have the first suspicion of an inflammatory process in the kidneys.

Diagnostics

A number of diagnostic methods are used to confirm the diagnosis:

visual examination of a small patient;
collecting the necessary medical history (blood, urine);
measuring body temperature;
blood pressure measurement;
palpation in the kidney area.

To make a more accurate diagnosis, the following is carried out:

Ultrasound of the kidneys.
CT or MRI.

After receiving the results of the study, the doctor determines the method of therapy.

Enlargement of the renal pelvis

What is meant is a pathological state, since there is also a physiological state. During the period of intrauterine development of the child, the kidneys are not yet able to fully function and all tasks are taken over by the placenta. But a small amount of urine still collects in the renal pelvis, and for this reason, even before the birth of the child, they expand. This is the normal physiology of a child, the condition goes away by the age of 1.5 years.

However, there may be cases of pathological enlargement of the renal pelvis, which have a variety of causes. We are talking about reflux, according to which urine is thrown back into the kidney from the ureter. It is also worth considering the abnormal development of these organs. This is also the cause of kidney disease in children.

It is highly recommended that all young children, without exception, undergo a kidney ultrasound within the first month of life. And in the case when physiological expansion of the pelvis is detected, the situation should be kept under control. To do this, you need to undergo a re-examination every three months. This will allow you to promptly detect any violations and take the necessary measures.

Treatment

Treatment of mild forms of nephritis is allowed at home; in all other cases, the child is placed in a hospital. The main goal of therapy is to eliminate the inflammatory process, normalize kidney function, stimulate regenerative processes, and also prevent possible complications.

Drug therapy

Medicines are prescribed by the doctor in each case individually. The basis of therapy includes the use of the following medications:

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Antibacterial drugs (Augmentin, Ceftriaxone) - suppression of bacterial activity and treatment of infection that provoked the inflammatory process.
Diuretics (Furosemide) - normalization of kidney function, washing out infectious agents. In case of increased swelling, diuretics are not recommended.
Anti-inflammatory drugs (Ibuprofen, Nurofen) - relief of general symptoms of the disease - fever, acute headache, chills, etc.
Antihistamines (Suprastin) - removal or reduction of allergic manifestations when treated with basic medications.
Immunostimulating drugs (Viferon) - enhancing the effectiveness of prescribed therapy.

Proper nutrition

One of the signs of the inflammatory process is loss of appetite, as well as nausea and vomiting. In order not to aggravate the painful situation, the child’s usual diet should be changed.

Strictly limit the consumption of salty foods, fatty and smoked foods.
Limit consumption of canned foods, herbs, and spices.
Increase the volume of fluid consumed (clean water). If there are no allergic reactions, then cranberry juice can be introduced into the diet. The berry has a number of medicinal properties - bactericidal, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulating.

Prevention

The duration of therapy lasts more than 2 weeks. After an illness, it is necessary to continue to follow the diet, as well as provide a gentle lifestyle for the child:

avoid hypothermia;
limit physical and emotional stress.

Causes and development factors

The causes of the appearance and development of the disease include:

Bacterial infections . They affect the kidneys through the urinary tract.
Complications after ARVI , respiratory diseases. If the cold was severe, kidney inflammation may occur.
Past streptococcal infection. Autoimmune reactions lead to kidney damage.
Hypothermia . Leads to a decrease in normal blood supply to the organ, which contributes to the onset of inflammation.
Failure to comply with hygiene rules . It can lead to infection, which will negatively affect the functioning of the urinary system and kidney function.
Small amount of water consumed . If a child drinks too little water, the functioning of the kidneys is disrupted.
Doctors consider heredity .

If one of your relatives has kidney problems, the disease is highly likely to occur in the child.

Congenital defects of the urinary system also increase the risk of developing the disease.

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Nephritis refers to a group of kidney diseases that are inflammatory in nature. Kidney inflammation in a child is a serious pathology, it can be congenital or acquired, and occurs in acute or chronic form. To provide the necessary assistance to the child, parents must know all the characteristic features of this pathology.

Types and classification of diseases

Kidney diseases in children are divided into two main types: congenital and acquired.

In most cases, the appearance of diseases of the urinary system is associated with congenital abnormalities.

For example, when a woman had bad habits during pregnancy, was often hypothermic, or contracted infectious diseases, it is possible that the child will suffer from impaired kidney function.

Also, these disorders are inherited. Acquired - in most cases, they occur due to hypothermia and weakened immunity.

Congenital diseases include diseases such as glomerulonephritis, renal failure, oncology, nephrolithiasis, and polycystic kidney disease.

Glomerulonephritis

With this disease, an inflammatory process occurs in the glomeruli and tubules of the kidneys. Insufficiency gradually appears and disability may even develop. Additionally, with glomerulonephritis the following symptoms occur:

fast fatiguability;
swelling of the face, especially often around the eyes;
sleep problems;
increased irritability, the child often cries;
depression.

Polycystic kidney disease

When blood circulation is impaired, cysts appear in this organ. It is a compound of Calcium and liquid.

The term "poly" indicates that the number of cysts has become large. This is a hereditary disease.

In most cases it is asymptomatic. But in adolescence, polycystic disease will develop into chronic failure.

In this case, there are two solutions to the issue: cleansing the organ using dialysis or transplanting a donor organ.

You can live with polycystic disease, but you need to lead a correct lifestyle. Reduce consumption of salty, spicy and smoked foods.

Structural anomaly

The baby's kidneys develop while he is in his mother's belly. If organs develop incorrectly, this will become clear at birth. For example, this may be a doubling of the kidneys or when one of them is not fully developed.

In such cases, doctors recommend surgery. It is advisable to complete it within the first year.

Kidney failure

With this disease, the kidneys do not work at full capacity. It all depends on how the organ works. The lower the percentage of functioning, the more dangerous it is for the child. Uric acid accumulates in the blood. In particularly severe cases, this can be fatal.

The reasons for the development may be different. For example, with an abnormality of the organ itself, as well as with diabetes mellitus or pyelonephritis.

It can be of two forms: acute or chronic. Sometimes deficiency appears as a consequence of taking medications. In any case, if this violation is detected, you should immediately consult a doctor.

general information

Nephritis in children is damage to the parenchyma of one or two kidneys by an inflammatory process. Most often in children, the inflammatory process occurs in an acute state. Damage occurs to the renal glomeruli, tubules, renal pelvis or calyces. The classification of childhood nephritis is influenced by the causes of the pathology and the changes that have occurred in the structure of the renal glomeruli.

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Main reasons

A distinction is made between an independent process of kidney inflammation in children or a complication that arises after the disease. Sore throat, tonsillitis and viral infections are diseases that may precede the development of inflammation. Weak immune defense and the individual congenital structure of the urinary organs can also provoke childhood nephritis. Chronic disease processes occurring in the body only increase the likelihood of pathology developing. In addition, the baby’s age plays an important role in the possible development of pathology.

Most often, kidney inflammation develops before the age of 5 years.

The most common causes of inflammation are:

infection;
allergy;
influence of toxins;
hypothermia.

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Pathogenesis

No definite conclusions about the pathogenesis of the disease have yet been made, since kidney inflammation in children can develop even in infants. Most often, the pathology develops due to infection with Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterococci and staphylococci. With the development of any source of infection in the body, the carrier of the infection enters the kidney through the blood. Less commonly, infection occurs through the urinary system.

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Types and forms of the disease

The inflammatory process can affect either one kidney or two together. Depending on the complexity of the process, inflammation can be:

sharp;
chronic.

According to the reason for the onset of the inflammatory process in the kidneys in a child and the location of its concentration, nephritis is classified:

Glomerulonephritis. With this type of pathology, damage to the tissue of the renal glomeruli occurs. Two kidneys suffer at once, as a result of which the process of removing toxins from the body is disrupted. Most often, glomerulonephritis begins to progress 14 days after scarlet fever or tonsillitis. It is important to establish in time the connection between the illness and the complication that has arisen in order to prescribe special treatment.
Interstitial nephritis. This is a type of pathology that affects the renal connective tissue and tubules. The inflammatory process also affects the lymph and blood vessels. The causes of interstitial inflammation have not been fully established; many experts believe that in children this pathology occurs against the background of immunoallergic disorders.
Pyelonephritis. Acute kidney inflammation affects the renal parenchyma, calyces and pelvis of the organ. Children under 7 years of age are at risk. The main reason that provokes the development of the process is bacteria. They enter the organ through the blood from a source of infection from any system of the body or from the organs of the genitourinary system.

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Main symptoms

Loss of appetite is a possible symptom of organ inflammation.

The clinical signs of pyelonephritis are never affected by the causes of the disease and they manifest themselves in the same way in any form. Symptoms of kidney inflammation in the acute period in an infant and an older child are similar:

prostration;
loss of appetite;
feeling of constant thirst;
elevated temperature;
pain in the lumbar region;
headache;
urination is impaired (decreased);
swelling;
vomiting, diarrhea.

With chronic pyelonephritis, the child experiences sweating, especially at night. The color of urine changes (darkens), and when urinating, the child feels unpleasant, painful sensations. The body lacks potassium and chlorides, so signs of paresthesia may appear: convulsions, numbness of the limbs, tingling of the skin. There is a frequent change of exacerbation and remission. Each exacerbation ends in the death of the renal glomeruli, which threatens the baby with the development of renal failure.

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Types of diseases

Acute kidney inflammation with severe pain
Kidney inflammation in a child can be divided into several types:

primary;
secondary;
spicy;
chronic;
one-sided;
two-way.

Changes in urination patterns in sick children

Common diagnoses in children include:

Pyelonephritis is a disease affecting the pyelocaliceal system of the kidneys.
Glomerulonephritis is a disease in which primary damage to the renal glomeruli occurs.
Interstitial nephritis - damage occurs to the interstitial tissue and renal tubules.

TIP: the inflammatory process in the kidneys almost never goes away without severe symptoms.

Individual signs

High temperature is a warning sign

The table shows signs of kidney inflammation in children related to various diseases.

How to recognize kidney inflammation: symptoms and complex treatment with drugs of different groups

Table - Symptoms of kidney diagnoses in children:

Disease	Symptoms
Pyelonephritis	Lumbar pain (dull or sharp), headaches, increased body temperature, change in urine color.
Glomerulonephritis	Increased blood pressure, the appearance of blood in the urine, nausea and general signs of intoxication of the body, chills, changes in the amount of daily urine volume, pain in the back and abdomen.
Interstitial nephritis	Weakness, lack of appetite, dizziness, pale skin, swelling, the amount of urine produced decreases, and its appearance changes.

Diagnostic methods

The use of instrumental methods for diagnosing kidney disease is not very informative. It helps to make a correct diagnosis, determine the cause of the pathology, prescribe treatment and assess further prognosis:

Anamnesis collection: heredity, allergies, past infectious diseases.
Laboratory tests: general urine analysis;
biochemical and general blood test;
urine examination for the presence of red blood cells, leukocytes, casts (according to Nechiporenko).

Ultrasound of the kidneys.

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Renal angiography

Method capabilities:

assessment of renal blood flow;
assessment of the anatomical condition of the kidneys (hypoplasia, wrinkling, cyst, tumor).

Indications for renal angiography (according to V. M. Derzhavin et al., 1984; A. D. Petropavlovskaya, 1985; N. Nogrady, 1988; as amended):

absence or sharp decrease in kidney function (“silent kidney”);
“small kidney” - differential diagnosis between hypoplasia and wrinkling;
kidney injury when damage to its leg is expected.
tumor in the abdominal cavity to identify its cause (kidneys, adrenal glands, liver);
secondary hypertension;
fused kidney to clarify the blood supply picture before surgery;
hydronephrosis if the etiological role of an accessory vessel is suspected and the issue of surgical tactics is decided;
pathological mobility of the kidney (for differential diagnosis with dystonia and deciding on surgical tactics).

Contraindications to performing renal angiography:

severe kidney disease with azotemia;
hypersensitivity to iodine;
heart and pulmonary failure.

The technique of renal angiography is described in the specialized literature [Derzhavin V.M. et al., 1984].

Treatment of kidney inflammation in children

Treating your child in a hospital will help avoid complications.

Nephritis therapy is a complex process that requires control. After kidney inflammation is detected in a child, he is placed in a hospital and complex treatment is individually selected. The basis of therapy includes mandatory bed rest, diet, drug treatment, and herbal remedies. All therapy methods are aimed at the following goals:

control over the inflammatory process (its complete elimination);
normalization of metabolism;
restoration of full kidney function;
strengthening the recovery process;
preventing complications.

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Drug therapy

There is no difference between the treatment of nephritis in adults and children. Treatment of viral kidney inflammation begins with antibiotic therapy. Antibacterial drugs are selected taking into account the pathogen identified through tests. The most commonly prescribed drugs are Amoxiclav, Cefamandole, and Amoxicillin. In addition to antibiotics, the list of medications includes bactericidal and bacteriostatic medications.

Depending on the form of the disease, diuretics, anti-inflammatory drugs, which help restore the activity of renal blood flow, and antiallergic medications, which relieve allergy symptoms, are prescribed. After recovery, the child will need a course of probiotics, which will restore the intestinal microflora in the body.

The selection of necessary medications is carried out only by a doctor; it is prohibited to treat the child yourself. The amount required for treatment and duration of administration are also determined by the doctor.

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Traditional methods

During the acute period of the disease, herbal treatment should not be carried out.

An important method in the treatment of kidney inflammation is traditional therapy. Plants effectively cope with inflammation and do not have a negative effect on the child’s body. It is important to know that herbal therapy is prescribed only after the acute period of the disease has resolved. Herbal infusions are the No. 1 remedy for kidney therapy. Typically, they include the following herbs:

centaury has analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects;
lovage root has a tonic, diuretic, anti-inflammatory effect, and also relieves swelling;
Rosemary relieves spasms, has an anti-inflammatory effect, and lowers blood pressure.

In addition, it is recommended to use parsley, fennel, and celery in the herbal mixture. In the acute course of the disease, as well as in cases of damage to the renal glomeruli, the use of folk remedies is not recommended, since in children under one year of age, such treatment can provoke exacerbations of the disease, kidney or heart failure.

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Kidneys, their function

Kidney function

The kidneys are a paired organ in the body. Therefore, the kidneys are divided by name into “right” and “left”. Their main function is excretory. In other words, excretory. It lies in the ability to form and excrete the final product - urine.

In addition to the main one, the kidneys perform a number of vital functions:

Endocrine (consists in the ability to synthesize hormonal substances);
Metabolic (synthesize some biological substances or convert them from inactive forms to active ones);
Concentration (expressed in the ability to excrete dissolved substances along with urine);
Ion-regulating (maintain the ionic composition in the plasma);
Osmoregulatory (maintain normal blood osmotic pressure);
Hematopoietic (regulate the volume of blood in the body);
Protective (removes toxins and poisons from the body).

The kidneys have many functions, they are varied and necessary for the normal functioning of the entire body. Therefore, if any disorders of these organs occur, you should immediately contact a specialist.

Prevention

A healthy lifestyle is a guarantee of your baby’s health. The main importance in preventing nephritis is child care. The best medicines are fresh air, outdoor games, tasty and nutritious food. You cannot give your child pills on your own without a doctor’s prescription. Health monitoring, timely detection of signs of the disease, medical and genetic consultations will help to cure the baby in a timely manner without surgical intervention.

Kidney inflammation in children is diagnosed quite often. The disease appears for various reasons.

It causes severe harm to the child’s body and can cause serious complications if treatment is not started in time.

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general information

This is a pathological process that affects various parts of the kidneys.

The glomeruli and vessels, the renal pyelocaliceal system with tubules are susceptible to inflammation.

The tissues of the organ are damaged, the functioning of the kidneys is disrupted , which negatively affects the functioning of the entire body.

Most often, the kidneys become ill due to hypothermia. The most common, but not the only kidney disease is pyelonephritis. The kidneys become very inflamed. If left untreated, kidney failure may occur.

Inflammation of the kidneys can also be nephritis and glomerulonephritis, in which significant growth of the inflamed focus occurs . Kidney inflammation may be associated with cystitis. All of these diseases are in one way or another associated with kidney inflammation.

An accurate diagnosis can only be made after diagnosis, since their symptoms are identical.

Almost all kidney diseases in children come down to changes in the quantitative and qualitative composition of urine. Only with in-depth research does it become clear in what form kidney inflammation is presented.

Kidney inflammation is more common in girls than in boys. This is explained by the peculiarity of the structure of the genitourinary system of the female body.

Causes and development factors

The causes of the appearance and development of the disease include:

Bacterial infections . They affect the kidneys through the urinary tract.
Complications after ARVI , respiratory diseases. If the cold was severe, kidney inflammation may occur.
Past streptococcal infection. Autoimmune reactions lead to kidney damage.
Hypothermia . Leads to a decrease in normal blood supply to the organ, which contributes to the onset of inflammation.
Failure to comply with hygiene rules . It can lead to infection, which will negatively affect the functioning of the urinary system and kidney function.
Small amount of water consumed . If a child drinks too little water, the functioning of the kidneys is disrupted.
Doctors consider heredity .
Congenital defects of the urinary system also increase the risk of developing the disease.

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Symptoms and clinical picture

Common signs of the disease are:

Pain in the back and sides. A nagging, aching pain occurs.
Change in urine color. It becomes cloudy and dark.
Temperature increase. Weakness and fatigue may occur. The child does not play, but lies down.
Pallor. The child looks unhealthy, blush disappears.
Lack of appetite. The baby refuses to eat and does not feel hungry.

In babies under one year of age, the disease manifests itself in the form of pale skin and moodiness. Due to pain in the back and sides, the child cries and cannot fall asleep. The color of the urine changes , and the baby's temperature may suddenly rise.

Dizziness and vomiting are possible . The condition of a child under one year old during the period of illness is very serious and can become critical.

It is recommended to immediately go to the hospital or call an ambulance.

Children 2 years and older tolerate the disease a little easier than children under one year old. The disease manifests itself as pain in the sides and back .

Suddenly there is weakness and decreased performance. The child has frequent and painful urination and loose stools. Sleep disturbance usually occurs. The child has difficulty falling asleep.

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Complications and consequences

If the disease is not treated, negative consequences may occur:

Chronic form of nephritis . The disease will from time to time go into an exacerbation stage, manifesting itself in severe pain. The child will need to adhere to special dietary rules and avoid too much physical activity.
Kidney and heart failure . It negatively affects the functioning of the entire body.
Increased susceptibility to infectious diseases. There is a high risk of developing a bacterial infection.
Development of atherosclerosis at an early age. This will have a negative impact on the child’s well-being and development.
Pyelonephritis . It is characterized by suppuration of the pathological area of the organ.

By starting treatment on time, complications and negative consequences of the disease can be avoided.

Diagnostic methods and tests

Diagnosis of the disease is carried out in the hospital. For this purpose:

Blood analysis . Shows the glomerular filtration rate, which helps specialists evaluate kidney function.
Analysis of urine. It is one of the most effective. It can tell about infections in the body, bacteria, and kidney function.
Biopsy . Doctors take a small sample of organ tissue for testing in the laboratory. It is used if the patient’s health rapidly deteriorates and medications do not help. The biopsy is performed in the treatment room or operating room.
Ultrasound . Helps to study the organ and pathological focus.
CT scan . Allows you to examine the kidneys and tissues of this organ in detail.

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Treatment

Treatment is carried out using various methods.

Medicines

Specialists prescribe painkillers that will help improve their well-being:

Baralgin;
Analgin;
Ketorolac.

Take medications one tablet 2-3 times a day. The dosage may be increased by the doctor if the patient experiences too much pain.

Doctors recommend taking medications that eliminate inflammation and destroy harmful bacteria from the genitourinary system:

Phytolysin;
Canephron;
Cyston;
Urolesan.

They are made from natural ingredients, medicinal plants, so there are no side effects. However, you will have to wait longer for the results . Take medications one tablet twice a day.

If your child has a fever, it is recommended to take Paracetamol. It lowers the temperature and relieves fever. For children, one tablet is enough, take only when necessary. You should not take more than three tablets per day.

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Folk remedies

helps heal kidneys . To do this, small potatoes are washed, peeled and grated. Juice is extracted from the pulp. It is consumed in the morning on an empty stomach, 1/3 glass an hour before meals. The product relieves inflammation and leads to recovery.
Bearberry infusion fights inflammation To prepare it, mix a glass of boiling water and a tablespoon of herbs. The solution is infused for at least an hour, then it is filtered. Instead of tea, you should drink the infusion 2-3 times a day, a glass. After a few days of using the medicine, the pain will go away and the child’s condition will improve.
leads to recovery . To do this, two tablespoons of the crushed plant are mixed with a glass of boiling water. The solution is kept in a water bath for thirty minutes, cooled and filtered. Drink 1/3 cup of the finished medicine in the morning and evening. The product relieves inflammation, pain, and normalizes kidney function.

Operation

If drugs and folk remedies do not help to recover, surgical intervention .

The purpose of the operation: elimination of the pathological focus, normalization of kidney function and restoration of urinary tract patency.

During the operation, specialists work with the damaged area of the organ. The duration of the operation depends on the degree of inflammation and can vary from 30 to 50 minutes. In especially severe cases, 1.5 hours are needed. The operation is performed under local anesthesia.

After the operation, the patient is left in the hospital for a week. Doctors are monitoring his condition. After a week, or in some cases two, patients are discharged. The recovery period is three weeks. During this time, the patient must visit the doctor and follow his instructions.

Rehabilitation technique

Rehabilitation methods in sanatorium-resort conditions include:

Medical nutrition. Developed by a doctor. The dishes do not contain harmful substances and are rich in vitamins. Therapeutic nutrition allows the patient to recover faster.
Special mode. The patient follows the regimen established by the doctor, which helps to heal and recover after the operation.
Taking vitamins. To strengthen the body, the patient is given vitamins in a strictly prescribed dosage.
Taking certain medications as needed. Doctors monitor the recovery process. If the patient needs medications, they are prescribed. This will help you recover faster.
Physiotherapy. When the patient is on the mend, he is prescribed therapeutic exercises and strictly recommended exercises. They help normalize kidney function by accelerating blood circulation during exercise. Excessive load is prohibited.

Recommendations from pediatricians for the treatment of balanitis in a boy can be found on our website.

Prevention and proper nutrition

To prevent the disease, it is recommended to remember the following preventive measures :

Avoiding hypothermia. The child is dressed very warmly in cold weather.
Maintaining hygiene rules. You need to teach your child to shower regularly.
Proper nutrition. You need to eat healthy food and clean drinking water. Fatty, fried foods are prohibited.
Moderate physical activity. It is necessary to accustom the child to physical education, but too much stress should be avoided.
Timely visit to the doctor. It will prevent the occurrence of diseases and help prevent their development.
Taking vitamins. This will help improve immunity and strengthen the child’s body.

One of the main rules for preventing disease is proper nutrition. The following are excluded from the child’s diet:

fatty, fried foods;
spices;
chips, crackers;
bakery;
mayonnaise, ketchup;
sweet carbonated drinks.

Must be included in the menu:

vegetables;
fruits;
vegetable soups;
lean meats and fish;
porridge.

If the child is very small, an infant, the diet should be followed by the mother.

Kidney inflammation can lead to serious complications if treatment is not started promptly. It is recommended to show the child to the doctor as early as possible; after diagnosis, he will be prescribed the optimal treatment method and the cause of the inflammation will be determined.

Dr. Komarovsky talks about urine analysis and treatment features for urinary tract infections:

We kindly ask you not to self-medicate. Make an appointment with a doctor!

What factors provoke kidney inflammation in a child, symptoms accompanying the development of pyelonephritis. Inflammation of the kidneys refers to a number of diseases that can affect the glomeruli, interstitial tissue, renal calyces and pelvis during the development of a focus of inflammation. These diseases include: glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, nephritis.

Most often, kidney inflammation is a complication of viral diseases (

sore throat, flu), or the child becomes ill due to a weakened immune system under the influence of any factors. Among patients with pyelonephritis, there are three times more children under 6 years of age than patients who went to school. The majority of cases are girls (1 boy for every 5 girls). This is explained simply: girls by nature have a short and wide urethra, while for boys it’s the other way around. Symptoms of kidney inflammation in a child: fever, problems with urination, pain in the lumbar region. But these signs are not a guarantee that the baby has pyelonephritis. Lower back pain in a child often radiates to the right side of the abdomen (something similar to acute appendicitis), and the temperature and chills are the same as during a common cold. Therefore, treatment of kidney inflammation should be carried out only after a comprehensive examination by a pediatric urologist, urine and blood tests. It is difficult for even an experienced doctor to make a correct diagnosis, and if there are hints of an inflammatory process in the kidneys, the baby is immediately sent to the hospital and undergoes an examination to confirm or refute the suspicions.

If the baby is still diagnosed with kidney inflammation , a comprehensive treatment method will be selected separately for him. Treatment includes removing the source of inflammation from the kidney tissue, restoring metabolism in the body, stabilizing the functioning of the kidneys, enhancing the regeneration process, and eliminating the occurrence of pathologies. Everything is done carefully so as not to harm the child’s health.

To treat kidney inflammation in a child, you will need antibacterial therapy, which is often combined with homeopathy, herbal medicine, and uroseptics.

You cannot select medications for a patient on your own; you need to consult a urologist and nephrologist. The duration of treatment is also determined by the doctor. You will have to fight the disease for a couple of months, interrupting therapy from time to time. Then the child will fully recover, but antibiotics will disrupt the intestinal microflora; the doctor will recommend probiotics that are suitable for a particular case.

Children who have kidney problems need to undergo an ultrasound every 6-12 months and be systematically checked by a pediatrician and urologist. Urinalysis should also be taken regularly.

Modern developments in medicine and nephrology in particular make it possible to treat kidney inflammation in a child quite quickly and without subsequent complications. It is important to seek medical help promptly as soon as your child develops symptoms that may be caused by kidney inflammation. Treatment of pyelonephritis, nephritis and other kidney diseases is inextricably linked

with a proper diet and balanced nutrition. Antibiotics for kidney inflammation in a child are used if the source of infection is bacterial in nature. Below we will describe in detail how to prevent the development of the disease, what symptoms are characteristic of pyelonephritis and nephritis, what folk remedies will help you get rid of the disease faster.

Now you know what causes contribute to the development of kidney inflammation and what symptoms are characteristic of nephritis or pyelonephritis in children. Under no circumstances should you begin treatment for kidney inflammation without first visiting a pediatric nephrologist. begin treatment as soon as possible .

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Is masturbation good for physical and mental health?

Self-satisfaction is a process that is based on pleasing oneself. Masturbation is normal if it is done infrequently and without fanaticism. Both men and women are involved in the action.

Boys are most interested in pleasing during adolescence, when they begin to mature sexually. During this period, hormone levels are high, and therefore sexual desire increases.

Health issues

The human body is designed in such a way that every muscle needs training, every tissue needs a blood supply, every system must be used.

It follows from this that, being in puberty, when the hormonal system works like a clock, abstaining from sex is wrong, you can get health problems of the whole body and in particular the reproductive system. The exception will be those people who consciously rejected sex and mastered techniques that allow them to redirect their energy in a different direction.

By abstaining from sexual activity, an ordinary person risks stagnation of blood in the pelvic organs, expressed by urethritis, prostatitis (male population), uterine prolapse, disruption of the menstrual cycle (female sex), infertility, hemorrhoids, kidney disease (in both sexes).

Undoubtedly, not only an inadequate level of sexual activity leads to such an unfavorable consequence, but when deciding whether female as well as male masturbation is useful, we can say that the lack of physical activity as such acts as a significant, harmful, provoking factor.

When sexual intimacy occurs, including masturbation, the body receives the following benefits:

a rush of blood to the pelvis and organs located here;
strengthening muscles and tissues;
beneficial effect on the general condition of the body.

If we compare sex and masturbation, both of these processes are useful. The only difference between self-gratification is that this action does not bring emotional contact. But it allows you to supply tissues with blood, strengthen muscles and improve the condition of the reproductive system.

What does this have to do with good sex?

In the question of whether masturbation is useful, it is important to touch upon the point of how it affects the quality of sex. It is easier for men in this matter, because they do not need to study their body in order to achieve orgasm.

But the female orgasm works differently. Sometimes, even after having sex, a lady may not have any release at all. To learn how to experience an orgasm, you need to know your erogenous zones, which are different for each girl.

Therefore, the benefit of masturbation lies in the fact that thanks to it you can recognize yourself, subsequently, in sex, take the required position, guide your partner in order to make maximum use of the effective place. According to sexologists, studying your reactions helps in the fight against frigidity. Men can use this method, only the angle must be modified.

Thanks to masturbation, you can teach yourself to control the release of semen. To do this, it is worth mastering concentration techniques and training the pubococcygeus muscle, which will significantly extend the time of sexual intercourse.

It is important to anticipate the coming of orgasm and try to delay the time of its arrival. Every man can master this method.

Psychological aspect

When it comes to teenage masturbation, it is important to mention the psychological component, since the act directly affects what preferences will be in adulthood. The reason for this is the recording of situations and images that a teenager observes while pleasuring himself.

For example, when a young guy or girl masturbates in the toilet, in the future they may recognize a desire to have sex in this particular place. Or the manifestation may be somewhat different, for example, arousal to the smells of the restroom. This mechanism also affects sensations.

When a quarrel occurs in a couple, one of the partners leaves, the other begins to suspect infidelity. The decision is made to relax through masturbation, but strong jealous feelings are experienced during the process.

Then, on a psychological level, a desire to inflict and feel pain during sex using sadomasochistic lusts may develop. In this case, is this kind of masturbation useful? Probably not. It is important that this process occurs in a natural place for sex, not often; the desire to masturbate arises when you reach a mature age for this activity.

Is it useful to engage in masturbation and what types?

Urologists unanimously declare that masturbation is a harmful activity. Moreover, this statement is also supported by women's doctors - gynecologists. They claim that this kind of activity is fraught with a hidden threat.

According to statistics, every fifth man who experienced prostatitis and sexual dysfunction engaged in masturbation. Whether masturbation is beneficial can be understood based on the differences between sexual intercourse and masturbation.

So, while masturbating, a man gets pleasure, but he artificially irritates his genitals, reinforces the process with fantasies, but after the manipulation he still feels depressed and overwhelmed. When you have sex with your partner, the pleasant sensations are complemented by the sight of your other half, touches, and kisses.

It is equally important to say that after masturbation, a man realizes that he acted viciously, experiences and remorse begin. And this can lead to serious mental disorders.

Adaptive and maladaptive masturbation

To please yourself, two radically different methods are used: adaptive and maladaptive. The second is to use a stream of water, stroking the clitoris, and squeezing the thighs for pleasure. In other words, these are those actions that wean a woman from the body’s natural reactions to sex. When the clitoris is regularly stimulated, it becomes less sensitive. The same thing with squeezing the thighs: the body is weaned from orgasm during sex with a man with the thighs spread apart.

After all, this is how sexual intercourse most often occurs. That is, a woman lays down a certain program for dissatisfaction in sex, initially using the wrong methods of pleasing herself. Adaptive masturbation is a different matter. It is similar to a relationship with a man, since the process directly stimulates the vagina. The action can be described as follows: when the penis penetrates the flesh, the vagina, framed by the folds of the labia minora, which are crushed in the process, moves and twitches.

Also, the labia minora swell with excitement and “transmit” a signal to the head of the clitoris. Such manipulations are perceived by the clitoris as pleasant stimuli, and then the woman experiences pleasure in the form of an orgasm.

The area that is stimulated is not the clitoris, as with maladaptive masturbation, but the vagina. Exactly the same effect occurs during full sex. Therefore, is masturbation beneficial for the female body?

Yes, but you need to do it correctly so that the act resembles having sex:

Stimulating the vagina by using a male penis simulator.
Stimulation of the labia minora. For this purpose, techniques such as massaging, stroking, rolling fingers, and light pulling are used. It is desirable to achieve the effect of their swelling.
Indirect caressing of the clitoris through the areas adjacent to it. That is, not the head itself, but those areas that are located near it.

Such influences on your body will help you get a deeper orgasm. And in this case, the answer to the question of whether it is useful to engage in self-satisfaction and masturbation will be positive. Moreover, you can give more pleasure to your partner, because the female vagina will be many times more sensitive.

Benefit or pleasure

The main reason why you shouldn't hold back is the pleasant sensations from masturbation. Our brains are designed in such a way that touching and having an orgasm are great pleasures.

In addition to such amenities, you can also get an effective tool that allows you to:

overcome stress, tension, insomnia;
overcome headaches;
improve muscle tone in the pelvic area;
cleanse microflora of toxins;
minimize the risk of prostatitis;
not to catch the disease due to lack of sexual intercourse.

People who understand whether it is useful to masturbate in moderation are more relaxed, positive, and not limited in their desires. But you cannot overdo it in this matter, because then the process will bring neither benefit nor satisfaction, but will only cause psychological dependence, which not everyone can get rid of.

Rehabilitation technique

Rehabilitation methods in sanatorium-resort conditions include:

Medical nutrition. Developed by a doctor. The dishes do not contain harmful substances and are rich in vitamins. Therapeutic nutrition allows the patient to recover faster.
Special mode. The patient follows the regimen established by the doctor, which helps to heal and recover after the operation.
Taking vitamins. To strengthen the body, the patient is given vitamins in a strictly prescribed dosage.
Taking certain medications as needed. Doctors monitor the recovery process. If the patient needs medications, they are prescribed. This will help you recover faster.
Physiotherapy. When the patient is on the mend, he is prescribed therapeutic exercises and strictly recommended exercises. They help normalize kidney function by accelerating blood circulation during exercise. Excessive load is prohibited.

Recommendations from pediatricians for the treatment of balanitis in a boy can be found on our website.