Can there be blood in the urine if you have diabetes?

How to properly submit urine for analysis

A glucose test involves submitting a single sample of urine. You can conduct your own research using special disposable test strips. With their help, you can determine how urine parameters change. Indicator strips help identify the presence of metabolic failures, as well as learn about existing kidney pathology. This analysis takes no more than 5 minutes and does not require special skills. The result is determined visually. It is enough to compare the color of the indicator part of the strip with the scale applied to the packaging.

Standard indicators

• Color: yellow, from light to dark shades.
• Transparency: transparent.
• Smell: none.
• Density: ranges from 1012 to 1025 grams per liter .
• Urine pH reaction: normally ranges from 5.0 to 7.0 .
• Protein content: Absent, or up to 0.033 g per liter.
• Glucose content: None.
• Leukocytes: 1-3 per field of view.
• Ketone bodies: none.

What will the analysis tell you?

The test allows you to determine the presence of sugar in the urine. Its presence indicates hyperglycemia in the body (high concentration of glucose in the blood) - a symptom of diabetes mellitus. In the urine of a healthy person, the glucose content is insignificant and is approximately 0.06 - 0.083 mmol/l. When conducting an independent analysis using an indicator strip, it is necessary to take into account that coloring occurs if the amount of sugar is at least 0.1 mmol/l. The absence of staining indicates that the concentration of glucose in the urine is insignificant.

It happens that the absorption of glucose in the kidneys is impaired. This leads to renal glycosuria. In this case, sugar is found in the urine, but its content in the blood remains normal.

Acetone found in urine may also indicate diabetes. An increase in the concentration of acetone in the blood leads to the appearance of acetone in the urine. This situation is typical for type 1 disease, when blood glucose rises to a level of 13.5 to 16.7 mmol per liter.

One of the manifestations of diabetes is the appearance of blood in the urine. This can happen if the development of the disease began more than 15 years ago and kidney failure occurs.

A total protein test can help identify excessive protein excretion in the urine. Microalbuminuria is a sign of impaired renal function in diabetes.

Urine color

The color of urine depends on the amount of fluid taken and the concentrating ability of the kidneys. Prolonged discharge of pale, colorless or watery urine is characteristic of

• diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus;
• chronic renal failure.

Intensely colored urine is released during large extrarenal fluid losses (fever, diarrhea). Pink-red or red-brown color due to the admixture of “fresh” blood occurs when:

• urolithiasis;
• tumors;
• kidney infarction;
• tuberculosis.

Urine excretion that looks like “meat slop” is typical for patients with acute glomerulonephritis. Dark red color of urine appears with massive hemolysis of red blood cells. With jaundice, urine becomes brown or greenish-brown in color (“beer color”). Black urine is characteristic of alkaptonuria, melanosarcoma, and melanoma. Milky white urine appears with lipiduria.

Diabetes insipidus: what is it characterized by and who gets sick

Diabetes insipidus develops quite rarely. Patients suffering from this disease experience an unnaturally high thirst. In order to satisfy it, the patient has to significantly increase the daily rate of water consumption. In addition, the disease is accompanied by the release of a large volume of urine from the body (2-3 liters per day). Urination in diabetes insipidus may be frequent. The disease occurs at any age and does not depend on gender.

With this disease, the density of urine decreases. To determine its decrease during the day, urine collection occurs 8 times per day.

Can a child get diabetes?

Unfortunately, diabetes is also found in children. Most often this happens by accident during a urine or blood test to detect a disease.

Type 1 disease is congenital, but there is a risk of developing it in childhood or adolescence.

Insulin-dependent diabetes (type 2) can develop not only in adults, but also in children. If the sugar concentration is not at the critical level that defines diabetes, the further development of the disease can be influenced. In this case, the sugar level is stabilized through a special diet selected by the doctor.

What do urological symptoms mean in diabetes mellitus?

Urological symptoms may include:

• changes in the color of urine (even the appearance of blood),

• transparency or foaminess;

• changes in volume (polyuria, anuria);

• frequency of urination;

• urinary retention, problems in urinary control (eg, urinary incontinence).

All these aspects are relevant for diabetes.

Polyuria

Dry mouth, sweet or strange taste in the mouth, thirst, increased need to urinate, feeling unwell and weak are considered symptoms of hyperglycemia.

Polyuria is increased urine production with increased urge. There is an assumption that large volumes of urine, as well as high glucose levels in the urine, lead to delayed damage.

But hyperglycemia is not the only cause of polyuria in people with diabetes. People with Wolfram syndrome may have both diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus. Hypercalcemia and diabetes may also coexist. This symptom can also occur with hyperparathyroidism, which is observed in people with diabetes in 1% of cases. In those with hyperparathyroidism as a primary condition, 8% of cases develop diabetes.

Polyuria can also be caused by taking certain medications. SGLT2 inhibitors cause glycosuria and therefore polyuria, with an increase in urinary frequency. Other medications, such as diuretics, also increase urine production.

Discuss your symptoms with your doctor. If they do not go away when your blood sugar normalizes, seek advice again.

Urethral infection

Bacteriuria is more common in women with diabetes than in women without diabetes. You should remember this and if symptoms occur, consult a doctor immediately.

If you notice that your urine has become cloudy or has an unpleasant odor, or discomfort when urinating, this is all a reason to get examined. with or without symptoms, and foul-smelling urine. Unfortunately, a urinary infection can be present for some time without these signs. Regular diagnostics will help keep the condition under control.

In people with diabetes, urinary infections may be caused by or associated with multidrug-resistant or unusual organisms, including fungi. In this case, it is important to carefully choose therapy. If the prescribed treatment does not help, be sure to inform your doctor as soon as possible, especially when the drug was prescribed without testing for antibiotic resistance of bacteria.

Blood in the urine (hematuria) and bladder cancer

If you notice the appearance of blood in your urine, be sure to consult a doctor!

For patients over 45 years of age with visible, unexplained hematuria without a urinary tract infection, or visible hematuria that persists or recurs after successful treatment of a urinary tract infection, additional testing may be ordered to screen for bladder cancer. If such a referral has been received, there is no need to panic! It is important to establish the root cause of the appearance of blood in the urine in order to select adequate treatment.

People with diabetes may be slightly more at risk of bladder cancer than those without diabetes—a meta-analysis found an overall relative risk of 1.24.

Foamy urine

It is important to monitor the type of urine, since one of the common complications of diabetes involves the kidneys. Statistics show that 64.8% of people with type 1 diabetes and 79.1% of people with type 2 diabetes have some signs of chronic kidney disease.

Protein in urine reduces surface tension and, if present in large quantities, such as in nephrotic syndrome, can cause foaming of the urine.

Remember that visible signs of kidney problems appear at quite late stages. Don't forget to get tested regularly for microalbuminoria.

Diabetic cystopathy

Diabetic cystopathy is a common complication of diabetes that is little talked about. Symptoms are variable, and many patients often attribute symptoms simply to sugar. Occurs in 43-87% of cases of insulin-dependent diabetes without differences in age or gender, and among patients on oral glucose-lowering therapy, on average in 25%.

Symptoms include difficulty, impaired urination, a feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder, decreased awareness of the need to urinate, urinary incontinence, urinary retention, and a predominance of nighttime diuresis over daytime urine output.

When a doctor makes a diagnosis, other causes, such as a urinary tract infection or prostate disease, must be ruled out.

Although "diabetic cystopathy" is commonly understood as a neuropathic disease of the bladder, the cause is likely multifactorial, including nerve damage to the bladder and its outlet, microvascular disease, and exposure to high glucose levels and microbial proliferation.

Change

Urine that has accumulated in the bladder during the night should be collected in the morning. A small portion of liquid should be flushed down the toilet, and then, without stopping the process of urination, collect about 50 ml of liquid in a special disposable container.

After urination, close the container with a lid and take it to the laboratory of a medical institution for examination. The collected liquid should not be stored for more than two hours, otherwise irreversible processes occur in it that can distort the results of laboratory tests.

Questions and answers on: blood in urine in diabetes

Mom broke the “Diaphysis of the right FOREARM” with displacement in a fall. She is 67 years old. suffers from diabetes. In the emergency room they just applied immobilized plaster. They did not carry out the operation, citing poor data on blood, urine, heart complications, the presence of sugar, etc.. Question___________________________ How many days do you need to be in a cast, and what to do with the fracture? How to fix it, when to start the operation and what is needed for this.

Hello, I’m 18 years old, my height is 168 and my weight is 80 kg. I recently lost 15 kg on a strict diet (I was almost starving). They found ketone bodies in my urine, they told me to take a blood test for sugar, it showed 4.2, provided that in 4 days before that, I stopped the diet and ate sweets. Merila also sugar at home using a glucometer, on an empty stomach the numbers were 4.6-4.8 (by the way, before the analysis, the same glucometer showed 4.6 sugar, why? Are they overestimating?) I also measured sugar before and after chocolate (100 g). 2 hours after chocolate 5.4(5.6) results

I haven’t been on a diet for more than two months now, I eat a lot of sweets, I measured my sugar 3 hours after eating, at night... the result is 5.7, tell me, I’m very afraid. Am I developing diabetes, or do I already have it? If I lose weight, will this sugar disappear?

Recommendations

A diet for sugar in the urine is an integral part of treatment. In addition to the medications prescribed by the endocrinologist or therapist, dietary nutrition helps to significantly improve the condition of patients, and in some cases, do without medications.

• Small meals 5-6 times a day.
• It is better to steam, bake, or boil foods. Fried foods should be avoided in the diet.
• Eliminate simple carbohydrates from your diet (sugar, honey, wheat flour, white cereals, ice cream, baked goods).
• The preferred diet for patients with diabetes is the consumption of complex carbohydrates (vegetables, fruits, rye and oatmeal).
• Eating sauerkraut, pickles, and grapefruits has a positive effect on sugar levels.
• Instead of tea, it is recommended to use special diabetic herbs, St. John's wort, lingonberries, black currants and nettles.

The attending physician will help patients plan their diet in more detail depending on the type of diabetes mellitus.

News on the topic: blood in urine in diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus can occur at any age. Often, patients are not even aware of the problem at first and continue to lead a normal lifestyle.

A course of treatment with vitamin B1 (thiamine) can lead to a reversal of early pathological changes in the kidneys of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thiamine therapy stopped proteinuria - the loss of protein in the urine

At the new medical school, which opened as part of a branch of one of the British charitable societies, classes are held in a large auditorium. Only 22 medical school students are dogs of different breeds that can detect diseases by smell.

Results and their interpretation

• Color: with diabetes, partial or complete discoloration of the liquid is possible. Color can be affected by many factors. When dehydrated, the shade becomes more saturated, and color changes also occur when taking various medications and foods that contain dyes.
• Transparency: turbidity is the main indicator of the protein content.
• Odor : a sharp, acetone odor indicates the release of ketone bodies into the urine, which are a harbinger of one of the complications - ketoacidosis, which, if not treated promptly, leads to ketoacidotic coma.
• Density: exceeding the threshold of 1030 g/l indicates the release of a large amount of substances of organic origin. High density may also be due to some glucose and protein content. Density less than 1010 g/l is possible due to excessive intake of drinking fluid. Another possible cause of low density is kidney failure.
• Urine reaction ( pH): An increase in pH greater than 7.0 indicates the possible presence of viruses in the genitourinary system, chronic renal failure, or may occur after repeated vomiting or eating large amounts of plant foods. A pH value below 4.5 indicates the content of a large amount of acids and may indicate diabetes mellitus and a lack of potassium in the body. Acidity also increases due to diarrhea, dehydration, and ingestion of large amounts of meat-containing products.
• Presence of a protein component : protein content above 0.033 g/l is possible after intense sports or after recent stress. If the patient was at rest on the eve of the analysis, then the presence of protein in the urine is a symptom of many pathological conditions, most often kidney problems.
• Glucose: is the most important factor in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes. The presence of any amount of glucose in the urine indicates pathological changes in the body, including diabetes mellitus, pancreatitis, pancreatic dysfunction and others.
• White blood cells: an increased number of white blood cells is always a sign of inflammation in the genitourinary system. Excessive white blood cells appear as pus. In the presence of stones in the kidneys and ureter together with infection, these manifestations are also possible.
• Ketone bodies: are a consequence of metabolic disorders due to insulin deficiency. They are also the source of an unpleasant, pungent acetone odor.

What diseases cause blood in the urine?

In medical practice, there are more than 150 ailments that can cause such a reaction in the form of bleeding. Often among the main diseases with this symptom are ailments of the genitourinary system, cancer, problems with the liver and kidneys, and urological infections.

When prescribing treatment, the doctor will be guided by the test results. The diagnosis will be detailed and lengthy, taking into account the large number of ailments that can cause blood in the urine. And only after the final diagnosis will it be possible to begin treatment of the disease that provoked the symptom. Blood in the urine is not an independent disease and can be caused by the most unexpected ailments, such as diabetes and cirrhosis of the liver.

Specific Gravity

This indicator normally has a fairly wide range: from 1.012 to 1.025. Specific gravity is determined by the amount of substances dissolved in urine: salts, uric acid, urea, creatinine.

An increase in relative density of more than 1026 is called hypersthenuria. This condition is observed when:

• increasing swelling;
• nephrotic syndrome;
• diabetes mellitus;
• toxicosis of pregnant women;
• administration of radiopaque agents.

A decrease in EF or hyposthenuria (less than 1018) is detected when:

• acute damage to the kidney tubules;
• diabetes insipidus;
• chronic renal failure;
• malignant increase in blood pressure
• taking certain diuretics
• drinking plenty of fluids

The specific gravity value reflects the ability of the human kidney to concentrate and dilute.

Blood in urine and cancer

Sometimes blood in the urine may indicate the presence of a malignant kidney tumor. The disease is practically not recognized in the early stages. Only a slight discomfort is felt. In more critical stages, blood may appear in the urine. It may appear as droplets, but there are times when an occult blood test is required.

When it comes to cancer, kidney cancer is the most common cause of blood in the urine. If you notice this symptom, you should immediately consult a doctor. Kidney cancer is curable if the tumor is removed at an early stage.

Blood in urine in diabetes mellitus

The presence of blood in the urine is possible in diabetes mellitus. But such a symptom can appear only 10 years after the patient heard the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. In this case, blood in the urine is a sign of kidney failure. The kidneys take a long time to filter blood that contains too much sugar.

First, sugar appears in the urine. This is a very dangerous symptom. After sugar comes acetone. And it is after acetone that blood impurities can be detected in the urine. These symptoms should promptly consult a doctor. They can lead to death of the patient. A person with diabetes should monitor their sugar levels daily. Otherwise, sugar will accumulate in the blood and lead to the above symptoms.

Indications for use

Indications for the procedure are:

• Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism identified for the first time.
• Routine monitoring of the condition and compensation of diabetes mellitus.
• Signs of decompensated diabetes mellitus: uncontrolled fluctuations in glucose levels, changes in body weight, decreased normal performance, exercise tolerance, changes in level of consciousness and other criteria.

In general, anyone can undergo urine tests at their own request. Currently, laboratory research of this level is quite accessible to many. But it should be remembered that only a well-qualified specialist can make a legitimate assessment.

Liver disease and blood in urine

Regular and excessive consumption of alcohol leads to the development of a terrible disease - cirrhosis of the liver. Fatal liver damage occurs with virtually no symptoms, and this is where the insidiousness of the disease lies.

One of the symptoms of liver cirrhosis is blood in the urine. Its color becomes dark brown. Cirrhosis can be diagnosed using a blood test. If treatment is not started in time, complete destruction of the liver may occur. During treatment, the patient completely abstains from alcohol and this is a mandatory condition, otherwise all actions will simply be nullified. During liver cirrhosis, blood in the urine is not the only symptom. Heavy bleeding may occur in the gums and nose.

Red blood cells

Red blood cells should be absent in the urine analysis of healthy people. Single red blood cells detected in several fields of view are maximum acceptable. The appearance of red blood cells in the urine can be both pathological and physiological in nature.

Physiological causes include taking certain medications, standing still for long periods of time, walking for long periods of time, and excessive physical activity. When physiological causes are excluded, pathological factors are an alarming signal of internal organ disease. See in more detail: what red blood cells in urine indicate.

Stroke and blood in urine

Blood in the urine after a stroke is an uncharacteristic symptom. Problems with blood vessels have nothing to do with blood in the urine. But a stroke is a serious disease, after which the immune system can be very weakened. After a stroke, urinary disturbances are observed. It may be difficult or frequent, but blood in the urine indicates that internal bleeding is caused by a urological problem.

It is possible that the patient developed cystitis after a stroke. This is a fairly common occurrence. And cystitis causes blood in the urine in 90% of cases. To prevent bleeding from getting worse, a patient after a stroke who is diagnosed with cystitis will be prescribed antimicrobial therapy and drugs to stop bleeding. Usually, after a stroke, a patient is under medical supervision for up to six months, so it is almost impossible to pass blood in the urine.

Blood in the urine can indicate a variety of illnesses. You can't miss a moment that could be decisive. Every ailment requires immediate intervention. In medical practice there are no mild or insignificant diseases. Each of them manifests itself weakly only in the early stages, and in the latter stages it is already too late to start therapy.