Pasternatsky's symptom: what is it, how is it detected, causes

Increasingly, patients come to the doctor with complaints of lumbar pain, which reflexively spread to the legs and pelvis. Many people, out of ignorance and inexperience, attribute their condition to osteochondrosis or radiculitis and try to get rid of their self-made diagnosis, aggravating the situation.

In most cases, discomfort indicates kidney disease. In order to correctly make a diagnosis, a competent doctor is required to carry out a number of procedures, including Pasternatsky’s test (symptom). Pain in the lower back can be a sign of various pathologies, in particular, nearby organs.

Kinds

Symptom identification can be carried out in three ways.

The choice of technique depends on the patient’s well-being, his state of health, and the available position that he can take:

Sitting or lying down. Then the doctor puts his hand on the lumbar region, and with the other rib or fist makes several gentle blows.
If the patient can only assume a sitting position, then use your fingers to tap the border zone between the lumbar muscles and the lower part of the ribs.
Bedridden patients are turned onto their backs. The doctor then places one hand under the lower back and gives several pushes.

Pasternatsky's symptom is not the usual “beating”. In the second case, you do not need to submit your urine for analysis. This is included in the Pasternatsky method, when pain during tapping and an increase in red cells in the urine are combined. A urine test is done only after the test.

For ordinary “effleurage”, only physical sensations are enough. However, pain may appear due to gastrointestinal pathologies, problems with the pancreas, and liver. This is why a follow-up urine test is necessary.

Technique for palpation and percussion of the kidneys and bladder

For any pathological condition of the urinary system, the patient’s appointment begins with a visual examination, history taking, auscultation, percussion, and palpation of organs.

The last 2 methods are performed using hands. For clarity of understanding, percussion is tapping, palpation is palpation.

Such methods have been known since ancient times. They do not cause any harm to the patient and are completely painless. With their help, the doctor gets an idea of the state of the body and negative changes in the organs being examined.

Why is bladder percussion performed?

The bladder is an internal part of the body that helps remove fluid from the body, disruption of which leads to the development of diseases. If you notice the following symptoms, you must contact a medical facility to find out the cause:

pain in the lower abdomen;
severe pain;
frequent urge to empty the bladder;
painful process of urination, or its disturbance;
increased temperature associated with problems of the urinary organs.

At the appointment, the doctor will conduct a series of initial studies. The main indicator for percussion is urinary disturbance.

In medical practice, this concept implies an examination consisting of tapping certain areas of the body and analyzing the sound that appears.

The described technique is carried out when there is a large amount of accumulated urine in the urinary reservoir.

Types of palpation

Research can be conducted in several ways. The main condition is an empty bladder. Otherwise, the diagnosis will be incorrect. Palpation methods:

external – the general condition of the organ is determined;
internal - helps to detect tumors, ruptures, stones.

The procedure occurs differently in both sexes:

men - rectally;
women – vaginally.

Examination technique:

The person lies down or gets on all fours.
The doctor presses on the pubic area with one hand, inserts a finger of the other hand into the anus (vagina) and presses on the bladder.

Normal bladder when palpated

In the absence of pathologies, an empty bladder cannot be palpated, since it is located behind the womb. When full, the organ can be felt; its norm is 2-3 cm above the pubic bone. If there is an inflammatory process in the organ, it can be felt outside the womb, and the patient feels pain when pressed.

Technique of the procedure

The palpation method is based on the sensations experienced by the patient when pressing on the corresponding organ. Using this method, you can determine the current condition of the genitourinary organs.

By palpating the lower abdomen, you can clearly determine the strength of the tension in the abdominal muscles. At a time when there were no modern diagnostic devices in medicine (ultrasound, CT, X-ray), this method was quite relevant. However, in modern practice, palpation is still relevant.

Performing percussion step by step:

The patient is placed on his back.
The action is carried out from the navel to the womb (from top to bottom). A finger (pessimeter) is placed on the stomach, and with the other hand the doctor applies light blows to it with a gradual decrease of 2 cm. The bottom of the organ is determined by the occurrence of dullness.

To diagnose certain types of pathologies, a special technique is used - “Pasternatsky’s symptom”. To do this, a person must sit or stand. Method for identifying a symptom: the doctor performs percussion at the site of the 12th rib and moves towards the spinal column. If a patient experiences pain, it can be assumed that there is a bladder pathology.

To examine the internal organs of the genitourinary area, the method of deep palpation is used. When a person's bladder is healthy and empty, it is difficult to palpate, so it must be emptied before the procedure. How is palpation performed:

The patient takes a lying position and relaxes.
The doctor gently presses his hand on the lower abdomen, gradually increasing the pressure in the umbilical area, to feel the contour of the organ.

During the process, the patient must talk about what he feels (localization of the pain syndrome, how it manifests itself).

Since the structure of the pelvis in women is special, diagnosis is carried out 2 times:

With a full bladder.
With a devastated organ.

Diagnostics in 2 stages is necessary so as not to confuse the organ being examined with the uterus, which is stretched when carrying a baby, or with a tumor. The method of bimanual vaginal palpation is often practiced. The bottom line is this: one hand is in the woman’s vagina, the other presses on the pubic area.

This technique allows you to detect neoplasms, organ compaction, determine density, and determine a treatment regimen. It should be noted that the appearance of pain does not always indicate the development of pathology.

Palpation of the bladder in young children

In childhood, palpation of the bladder is carried out by a doctor using both hands simultaneously. Before the examination, the child must go to the toilet. In acute, chronic urinary retention, the organ is palpated as a flexible, fluctuating formation, the apex of which sometimes reaches the navel. Normally, a full bladder is palpable in infants.

Palpation of the kidneys in adults and children

The kidneys of a healthy person cannot be palpated; there is no discomfort when palpated. Only organs that are enlarged in size and those that are displaced are subject to examination. The procedure is performed by a doctor when:

neoplasms;
nephroptosis;
polycystic disease.

However, palpation can be performed in thin people and patients with thin peritoneum. The examination is carried out only on the right side, since the right kidney is lower than the level of the left kidney.

This procedure is also applicable to children. The examination technique is similar to palpation in an adult. In the absence of disease, the kidneys cannot be palpated. Palpation can be carried out in a standing position, lying on your back or side.

Palpation of the kidneys is normal

In a normal state, in the absence of development of pathologies, the organ cannot be palpated, the procedure does not cause pain or any discomfort. In case of pathologies of the urinary organs, the kidneys are palpated. It is important to analyze the flexibility, smoothness of the kidney capsules, consistency, whether there are any seals, or pain. The presumptive diagnosis will depend on the collected data.

Pasternatsky's symptom

Great importance in the study is given to the definition of Pasternatsky's symptom. The technique is necessary to assess pain. During the session, the medical worker stands behind the patient.

He places his left hand in the area of the 12th rib, to the left of the spinal column. Using the edge of the palm of the right hand, he carries out a series of short light blows to the left hand. The severity of pain is characterized by the type of symptom: negative, positive, mild.

A positive effect is observed when:

urolithiasis;
kidney inflammation;
paranephritis.

We should not exclude other causes of pain - osteochondrosis, diseases of the ribs, lumbar muscles, gallbladder diseases, pancreatitis.

Palpation algorithm in a supine position:

The patient lies down on the couch and completely relaxes, breathing deeply.
The doctor stands on the patient’s right side, placing his left hand under the patient’s body in the lumbar area closer to the spine.
The right hand is placed on the stomach under the ribs, perpendicular to the peritoneum.
When the patient exhales, the doctor's right hand gradually sinks, trying to reach the back wall of the abdomen, trying to get closer to the fingers of the left hand.

If the kidney is of normal size, then both hands of the doctor will almost meet, especially for thin people. With an increased size of the organ, its lower edge or the entire kidney can be felt with your fingers.

The procedure for the left kidney is similar. The study helps determine:

the size of the enlarged organ;
shape;
mobility;
consistency;
soreness.

Palpation while lying on your side

For dense patients, palpating while lying on their side is more suitable. To examine the organ on the left, the patient lies on the right side. The procedure technique is the same as lying on your back. The difference is that the doctor sits and the patient lies facing him, the body is slightly tilted, the muscles are completely relaxed.

Palpation of the patient while standing

Standing palpation is suitable for thin people and children. Technique:

The patient faces the doctor and relaxes his abdominal muscles.
The doctor sits on a chair, places his left hand on the patient’s lower back, and the fingers of his right hand in the place of the organ.
When the patient exhales deeply, the doctor's fingers press the abdominal wall towards the back wall, forming a fold.
Then the patient inhales deeply, the kidney descends, becoming accessible for palpation.

The research method helps to analyze:

condition of the kidneys and capsule;
severity of pain;
localization – displacement, omission.

And in conclusion

Physiological methods of examining a patient make it possible to detect various diseases of the urinary system. Thanks to the techniques, it is possible to determine important components indicating the presence of a disease.

In addition to visual examination, percussion and palpation, the doctor prescribes a clinical urine test and, if necessary, other examination methods. Based on the results obtained, a final diagnosis is made.

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Source: https://UroHelp.guru/diagnostika/metod/palpaciya-pochek-i-mochevogo.html

Stages and degrees

A negative symptom on both sides indicates a hidden course of the pathology and requires additional diagnostics. The test is considered positive if, during medical procedures, discomfort appears in the rib area. Especially if the biomaterial contains an increase in the concentration of red blood cells and white blood cells.

After diagnosis, the patient urinates in a sterile container. If the vibration from impacts provoked the entry of leached red blood cells into the urine, this indicates a positive Pasternatsky symptom. To make sure of this, testing is carried out on the left and right side of the kidney, identifying the patient's response.

When children are examined, tapping is performed with the pads of the fingers. However, at this age, Pasternatsky’s symptom rarely appears, usually on one side. Glomerulonephritis can be excluded if the child has recently suffered from influenza or infectious diseases of the nose and throat.

Women are not tested during menstruation. A positive right-sided symptom in women occurs when the kidneys prolapse. Sometimes it can develop for years after childbirth. Kidney tumors are more often diagnosed in men. Then Pasternatsky’s symptom will be right- or left-positive.

Presence of possible diseases

As practice shows, such a reaction of the body is detected only in certain diseases; most often the patient exhibits the following deviations:

kidney prolapse;
kidney inflammation;
pyelonephritis;
urolithiasis disease.

If Pasternatsky’s symptom is detected on both sides at once, this indicates that the disease has affected both kidneys, which signals the need for urgent treatment.

But sometimes tapping, accompanied by discomfort, may also indicate problems with the lungs, intestines, spleen or liver.

If a urine test was performed and an excess of red blood cell levels was not confirmed, the patient will need to undergo a comprehensive diagnosis.

Symptoms

The main symptom during testing is pain. It can be mild, moderate, moderate, acute. In the latter case, it is characteristic of spasms and movement of stones. Sharp pain on only one side (rarely on both sides) occurs with purulent inflammation (apostematous nephritis) and damage to the perinephric tissue.

Mild pain plus “clean” urine indicate a false-positive Pasternatsky symptom. It is observed with incorrect location of internal organs, small tumors, and non-aggravated chronic inflammation.

Some symptoms indicate the need for diagnosis:

yellowing of the skin and mucous membranes;
the appearance of swelling in the legs, on the face, its puffiness;
pain in the lumbar region (this is the main symptom of infectious diseases - pyelonephritis, hydronephrosis);
frequent headaches;
chronic pyelonephritis is characterized by several symptoms at once - high fever, hypertension, severe fatigue;
temperature increase;
general weakness;
pain spreading along the spine (without high fever or numbness);
deterioration in the color and odor of urine;
reduction in the amount of urine excreted.

However, even in the absence of pain during tapping, it cannot indicate the absence of diseases. They can be in latent form and appear much later.

results

When the doctor has checked the pain in the areas where the kidneys are projected and other essential signs of damage, he writes out a detailed report.

The degree of expression is written as follows:

SP is weakly positive - the definition of Pasternatsky's symptom shows vague discomfort.
Positive - the patient has pain during tapping.
The symptom is sharply positive - sharp, severe pain, from which the patient screams.
The symptom is positive on both sides - damage to both kidneys, for example, with pyelonephritis.
Pasternatsky's symptom, negative on both sides, is detected when the patient either has a normal kidney condition or pathology is not present in the urinary system.

Based on the results of checking Pasternatsky's symptom, microscopic examination of urine and additional research methods, the doctor can make a diagnosis, determine the form of the disease, and develop a treatment strategy. It includes anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, and sometimes antiviral treatment.

Reasons for appearance

The main reasons for the appearance of a positive Pasternatsky symptom are inflammatory diseases, swelling of the kidney tissue (amyloidosis, congestion in the organ), concussion and stretching of the organ capsule.

The list also includes:

Chronic and acute pyelonephritis. This is an infectious kidney disease in the area that is responsible for the outflow of urine. The pathology affects the renal pelvis, parinchema, and calyces.
Glomerulonephritis. Affects the renal glomeruli.
Apostematous nephritis. It provokes the appearance of purulent processes in the kidneys. At the same time, many lesions are formed in the cortex.
Paranephritis and perinifritis. This is a purulent inflammation of the fat capsule and perinephric fat layer with destructive changes.
Nephrolithiasis (otherwise known as urolithiasis). When stones form in the urinary tract and kidneys.
Internal organ injuries. These may be vascular lesions, multiple wounds, bruises and tissue ruptures affecting the urinary system.
Renal colic.

Also, the cause can be any neoplasm (especially malignant) - carcinoma, adenoma, cysts, fibroma, etc., as well as frequent colds that disrupt the functioning of the kidneys and urinary system.

What's happened

What is Pasternatsky syndrome? It is characterized by a factor of nephrological abnormalities, representing deviations in urine levels and painful sensations in the area of the kidneys and ribs with light tapping. Named after the Russian doctor who pioneered the palpation technique to identify a number of diseases.

Pasternatsky's symptom, negative on both sides, characterizes the presence of a latent course of the disease, so a more accurate diagnosis is necessary. Positive is determined by the presence of unpleasant sensations in the ribs and increased ratios of leukocytes and erythrocytes in the biomaterial.

Causes

The syndrome is determined by the presence of dysfunction of the urinary system. The main ones are:

prolonged and acute pyelonephritis are characterized by inflammatory processes in the area of the pelvis, calyces, and parenchyma;
tumor neoplasms in the kidneys manifest themselves in the form of cysts, adenomas, carcinomas, fibromas, angiolipomas;
apostematous nephritis is a purulent lesion of the excretory organs, with infectious diseases in the body;
glomerulonephritis is characterized by inflammatory processes affecting the renal glomeruli;
paranephritis is a purulent lesion of the perinephric tissue;
injury and damage to the excretory organs;
renal colic;
nephrolithiasis – the formation of stones in the urinary system.

Diagnostic technique

Pasternatsky's symptom is detected by light tapping and a certain algorithm of actions and three types of mechanisms:

The patient is sitting or standing. The doctor places his palm on the lower back. Make light percussion with a fist or the edge of another limb.
It is carried out in a sitting position. The doctor taps the area between the ribs and lower back.
It only happens in a lying position, while the urologist places his hand under the lumbar region and makes several pushes forward.

After the manipulations, the patient must empty the bladder. If red blood cells are detected in the biomaterial, a diagnosis of positive syndrome is made. To clarify and confirm the diagnosis, the procedure is carried out on both sides.

For children, manipulations should be carried out by light tapping with their fingertips. During menstruation, women are not subject to the procedure.

The main difference from tapping syndrome is the mandatory delivery of biomaterial. The presence of blood cells signals the presence of a symptom.

The effect of effleurage appears when examining the area of the back and kidneys; it can be determined as illness and disorders of other organs. The main disorders are:

injury, damage, bruises of the spleen;
dysfunction and damage to the digestive organs, cholecystitis, acute and chronic pancreatitis;
ulcerative conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, gastritis;
abnormal development of musculoskeletal tissues, osteochondrosis, radiculitis, myositis;
vascular ischemia with the formation of necrotic areas of damage;
chronic protracted diseases of the reproductive system, endometriosis, fibroids, cysts, metroendometritis, inflammation of the prostate gland;
inflammatory processes in the genitourinary system, cystitis.

Decoding the results

The result is considered positive if there is pain on the right, left or both sides. The interpretation of the symptom depends on the intensity and area of pain:

weakly positive manifests itself during examination of the patient when he experiences minor sensations in the kidney area;
positive is characterized by moderate pain;
sharply positive is manifested by sharp, strong unpleasant sensations, while the patient winces and may scream;
positive on both sides is characterized by severe painful sensations on the right and left, which signals a serious inflammatory process in the organs;
negative on both sides indicates the presence of kidney prolapse or impaired functionality of other internal organs.

Advanced Diagnostics

When determining a positive syndrome, additional examination of the body is required to establish and determine the source of the disease. The main ways are:

General and biochemical blood test. Allows you to determine glucose, hemoglobin, protein, electrolyte saturation, alpha-amylase, creatinine.
General analysis of biomaterial. Allows you to determine the coefficients of protein, leukocytes, erythrocytes, sugar, bilirubin, ketone bodies, microscopic sediment, mucus, bacteria.
Urinalysis according to Nechiporenko and Zimnitsky test. Allows you to determine the quantitative coefficients of leukocytes, erythrocytes, protein, and evaluate the concentration capacity of the kidneys.
Ultrasound examination of the urinary system. It is characterized by the ability to establish pathologies at an early stage of formation, damage, and the presence of stones.
X-ray examination with the introduction of a contrast agent. Determines the structural features and performance of the urinary organs.
Cystoscopy with histological examination. Allows for examination and examination of the bladder cavity, kidneys, and ureters.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Used for more accurate examination of internal organs. Allows you to distinguish benign neoplasms from malignant ones.
Urethroscopy. Characterized by diagnosing the upper urinary tract. Allows you to determine functional disorders and inflammation in the lower pelvic area.
CT scan. Allows you to diagnose stones, polycystic disease, hydronephrosis, neoplasms.

Treatment

When a symptom is diagnosed, as well as the cause of the disease is established, therapy is prescribed. The purpose of complex measures and techniques depends on the diagnosis.

Purulent lesions and acute forms of pyelonephritis are treated with intravenous or intramuscular antibiotics. Surgery is necessary to remove abscess areas.
For urolithiasis (UCD), medications are used to destroy and remove stones from the urinary system. Large, sharp or coral stones require surgery using a laser or endoscope.
Kidney failure is treated with a balanced diet, diuretics, and anti-inflammatory drugs.
The presence of tumors in the kidneys is determined through diagnosis. It is removed and therapy is carried out after consultation with other specialists.

The symptom allows you to identify diseases of the urinary system, as well as other internal organs. During pregnancy, it can occur with increased work and stress on the kidneys.

The main features are:

swelling;
pain in the lumbar region;
urinary disturbance;
leukocytes and erythrocytes in biomaterial.

Pregnant women are prescribed anti-inflammatory and diuretic drugs to restore the functionality of the urinary system.

Pyelonephritis is an infectious inflammatory disease that affects the renal pelvis, kidney parenchyma and calyces.

Pyelonephritis is provoked by any microorganisms, in particular E. coli, enterococci and staphylococci. The pathogen enters the kidney from a source of chronic infection in the body or through the ureter when the outflow of urine is disrupted.

Pyelonephritis: signs

Acute pyelonephritis is manifested by general symptoms, such as weakness, pain throughout the body, chills with high fever (up to 40 ° C), nausea, and loss of appetite. Along with this, local symptoms are observed - pain in the lumbar region, dysuria. The urine becomes cloudy and flakes may appear in it. Palpation in the kidney area becomes painful, the muscles of the anterior peritoneal wall tense, a positive Pasternatsky sign (tapping) occurs and blood counts worsen.

The pain that occurs when tapping the lumbar region is one of the most common. It is determined by applying gentle blows to the lumbar region alternately from both sides in the costomuscular angle. Typically, Pasternatsky's symptom is detected when the patient is standing or sitting. Pain indicates that the symptom is positive, which is explained by the shock of the paranephrium and the affected kidney. However, a positive Pasternatsky symptom can also appear with diseases of neighboring organs.

Ultrasound examination can detect an increase in the size of the kidney, compaction and thickening of its parenchyma, while the pelvis and calyces expand.

Complications of acute pyelonephritis

The acute course of the disease is often accompanied by bacterial shock caused by massive exposure to toxins on the body, necrosis of the renal papillae, paranephritis, and urosepsis.

The patient should be urgently hospitalized in the urological or surgical department and prescribed bed rest. Treatment is aimed at restoring the obstruction of urine outflow and relieving inflammation.

With timely diagnosis and treatment of acute pyelonephritis, recovery occurs.

Chronic pyelonephritis

The pathology becomes chronic after an acute course. The disease is detected by urine examination accidentally or during a detailed examination due to suspected urolithiasis. During the survey, patients are identified to have had cystitis and other acute diseases of the urinary tract in the past. Periodic exacerbations are manifested by low-grade body temperature, weakness, fatigue, lack of appetite, nausea, vomiting, anemia, sallow complexion, dry skin, arterial hypertension, pain in the lumbar region, impaired urination and urination. Indicative changes in urine: leukocyturia, pyuria, bacteriuria, proteinuria, hematuria, cylindruria.

When treating chronic pyelonephritis, foci of chronic infection are eliminated and the full outflow of urine from the kidney is restored. Long-term antibacterial treatment is carried out, diuretics and immunostimulating agents are prescribed. Timely diagnosis and long-term therapy often lead to complete recovery.

Pediatric pyelonephritis

It is considered the most common disease after respiratory diseases.

Pyelonephritis in a child can be unilateral and bilateral, secondary and primary, acute and chronic.

Acute pyelonephritis in a child can be serous and purulent, which occurs in the form of a carbuncle or abscess. Its outcome can be recovery or a chronic form. The pathology is often complicated by pyonephrosis or shrinkage of the kidney.

With pyelonephritis, a sick child complains of pain in the kidney, which manifests itself on the affected side. The pain is most often dull, sometimes acute attacks occur, which indicates the development of calculous pyelonephritis. The child has a positive Pasternatsky symptom and general intoxication. To diagnose pyelonephritis, blood and urine are examined, an ultrasound of the kidneys is performed, and X-rays are taken. Pyelonephritis in children is treated with antibiotics, detoxification and physiotherapeutic procedures are indicated.

Percussion over the area of the kidneys, covered in front by intestinal loops, normally produces a tympanic sound. However, with a significant enlargement of the kidney, it pushes back the intestinal loops, as a result of which a dull sound may appear above it during percussion.

In the diagnosis of many kidney diseases, the effleurage method is used - the definition of Pasternatsky's symptom. Assessing this symptom, the doctor places his left hand on the area of the 12th rib to the right and left of the spine and with the edge of the palm (or the tips of the bent fingers) of the right hand applies short, gentle blows to it. Pasternatsky's symptom is usually determined with the patient standing or sitting, but if necessary, it can be checked with the patient lying down, placing your hands under the lumbar region and applying pushes with them.

Depending on whether the patient experiences pain at the time of the blows and how intense they are, Pasternatsky’s symptom is regarded as negative, weakly positive, positive and strongly positive. A positive Pasternatsky symptom is observed in cases of urolithiasis (especially at the time of renal colic), acute pyelonephritis, paranephritis, etc. It should, however, be borne in mind that a positive Pasternatsky symptom can be observed with osteochondrosis of the spine with pronounced radicular syndrome, diseases of the ribs, lumbar muscles, and sometimes with diseases of the abdominal organs (gallbladder, pancreas, etc.).

The percussion method is also used to determine the position of the upper border of the bladder. In this case, placing the finger-pessimeter horizontally, percussion is carried out along the midline in a direction from top to bottom, starting approximately from the level of the navel. In cases where the bladder is empty, the tympanic sound persists up to the symphysis pubis. When the bladder is full, percussion in the area of its upper border reveals a transition from a tympanic sound to a dull one. The distance of the upper border of the bladder above the pubis is noted in cm.

The description of the results of a study of the urinary system in the medical history in the absence of any pathological changes is usually quite brief: Pasternatsky’s symptom is negative on both sides. The bladder does not protrude above the pubic symphysis upon percussion.

Diagnostics

Pasternatsky's symptom is the initial examination of the patient. If the result is positive, additional diagnostics are required. The method requires a mandatory urine test.

Therefore, it is submitted for analysis, which reveals the level:

leukocytes;
squirrel;
Sahara;
red blood cells;
ketone bodies;
bilirubin;
bacteria;
flat cylinders.

Indicators of density and specific gravity are also assessed, and urinary residue is examined.

They take blood for analysis (do a blood test and biochemistry), check it for the level of:

glucose;
squirrel;
electrolytes;
creatinine;
alpha amylase.

Additional diagnostic methods:

This allows you to accurately determine the cause of pain, the presence of red blood cells and various impurities in the urine, and detect disturbances in the urinary system and abdominal organs.

What diseases can be determined

Among many urological diseases, a positive result of this technique can be in the following cases:

infectious and inflammatory processes (pyelonephritis, inflammation of the pelvis and calyces);
the presence of pus in the kidneys, which is formed due to inflammatory processes in nearby organs;
paranephritis (presence of pus in the perinephric tissue);
nephrolithiasis (presence of mineral deposits);
benign and malignant formations;
glomerulonephritis.

When to see a doctor

You should consult a doctor immediately as soon as pain appears in the kidneys, lower back, or pelvic area. Also alarming symptoms are changes in the color and smell of urine and a decrease in its excretion, and urinary incontinence. The reason for the examination is a violation of the normal composition of urine and blood, the appearance of blood when urinating.

The primary examination is carried out by a therapist, then the patient is referred to a urologist with the test results. If the reason for the appearance of symptoms lies in current diseases, then the patient is examined by an appropriate doctor (oncologist, surgeon, traumatologist, etc.).

It is also necessary to consult a therapist if any diseases of the urinary system, neoplasms, or back pain occur.

Prevention

Pasternatsky's symptom is a way to identify diseases of the urinary system. For chronic diseases, mandatory preventive treatment is carried out. However, there are general rules that must be followed to prevent pathologies of the urinary system.

It is important to maintain personal hygiene, use only your own towels, and carefully care for your intimate area. Avoid hypothermia, use contraceptives, and treat current illnesses in a timely manner.

You need to adhere to proper nutrition. Eliminate sweet, starchy, spicy, fatty and fried foods from your diet. Check with your doctor for the amount of water you need to drink. It can be different depending on the existing diseases. Be sure to do morning exercises or at least walk for 40 minutes. in the fresh air. Go to bed on time to get enough sleep and provide your body with proper rest.

Treatment methods

The main direction of therapy for a positive Pasternatsky symptom is medication. Different groups of drugs are selected for treatment, depending on the cause of the positive Pasternatsky symptom and the disease. However, a comprehensive approach is required for complete recovery. Additionally, physiotherapy can be prescribed, and traditional methods can be used aimed at treating the underlying disease that was discovered during diagnosis.

Medications

Diuretics are used to cleanse the kidneys. The most inexpensive are “Furasemide”, “Veroshpiron” (20-70 rubles), the cost of others is higher - “Monurel”, “Fitolysin” (330 rubles), “Canephron”, “Cyston” (400 rubles). The dosage regimen is selected individually, usually no more than 2 times a day.

Medicines are prescribed depending on the symptoms to relieve:

Get sick. “Analgin” (20-50 rubles), “Ketorol” (70-90 rubles). Quickly eliminate negative feelings. Available in the form of tablets and ampoules for injection. They are used during attacks of pain, no more than 3 times a day.
Spasms. Neuro- and myotropic drugs are used more often. The best and inexpensive ones include “Drotaverin”, “No-Shpu”, “Dibazol” (all from 20 to 80 rubles). The drugs are usually taken 2 times a day or when cramps or pain occur.
Inflammation. NSAIDs that are non-addictive and successfully combat fever and pain are preferred. The most common include “Ibuprofen” (20-60 rubles), “Amidopyrine” (40-80 rubles), “Indomethacin” (30-350 rubles), “Meloxicam” (70-100 rubles).