Tablets and antibiotics for renal failure to lower blood pressure: medications for acute and chronic forms

Renal failure is a pathological condition of the kidneys in which they do not fully perform their work to the required extent as a result of any disease. This process leads to a change in the constancy of the body’s self-regulation, and as a result, the functioning of its tissues and organs is disrupted. Renal failure can occur in acute (ARI) and chronic (CRF) forms.

The causes of kidney failure vary depending on the form of the disease. There are several reasons that cause acute renal failure:

Prerenal, that is, the disease is caused by heart failure, collapse, shock, severe arrhythmias, a significant reduction in circulating blood volume (possibly in case of blood loss).
Renal, in which the death of the renal tubules is caused by the action of heavy metals, poisons, alcohol, drugs or due to insufficient blood supply to the kidney; sometimes the cause is acute glomerulonephritis or tubulointerstitial nephritis.
Postrenal, that is, as a result of acute bilateral blockage of the ureters due to urolithiasis.

The causes of chronic renal failure are considered to be chronic glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis, systemic diseases, urolithiasis, neoplasms in the urinary system, diseases with impaired metabolism, vascular changes (high blood pressure, atherosclerosis) and genetic diseases.

The essence of pathology

This disease occurs with equal frequency in men and women. Sometimes it is diagnosed in children. There are 2 main forms of the disease - acute and chronic failure.

In the first case, there is a sharp slowdown in the removal of nitrogen metabolic products from the body . As a result, water and electrolyte imbalance develops.

The ratio of acid and alkali also changes. These processes provoke a violation of blood composition.

Chronic kidney failure is a progressive phenomenon that is associated with a decrease in the number of working nephrons.

Manifestations of pathology increase slowly. At first the kidneys work normally. However, as organ tissues die, intoxication of the body develops.

Diet therapy and its basics

Diet is an equally important component of successful treatment. It is relevant for acute and chronic forms of the disease, and largely determines the effectiveness of the therapy and the speed of elimination of symptoms. When planning treatment for kidney failure , doctors recommend that patients do the following: • limit the amount of food rich in protein. Its daily norm does not exceed 65 g. The exact limit is selected individually, depending on the severity of the disease; • inclusion in the diet of foods containing fats and carbohydrates, which allows the body to provide the necessary amount of energy; • enriching the menu with fruits and vegetables. They are recommended to be consumed raw, boiled and baked; • reducing the amount of salt consumed. This eliminates fluid retention in the body and the formation of edema. These simple recommendations will help make therapy more effective and quickly get rid of the symptoms characteristic of the disease.

Causes

The cause of the acute form of the disease is considered to be pathologies that provoke poor circulation in the kidneys.

These may be the following anomalies:

shock of various origins;
severe bleeding;
complex infectious pathologies;
acute heart failure;
kidney vascular disease;
acute kidney pathologies;
obstruction of the urinary tract.

Diseases of this organ and other body systems lead to chronic kidney failure..

The main provoking factors include:

diabetes;
arterial hypertension;
lupus erythematosus;
chronic poisoning;
scleroderma;
long-term use of certain medications;
chronic form of pyelonephritis or glomerulonephritis;
urolithiasis disease.

If you have any of these diseases, you should definitely visit your doctor regularly and follow his recommendations.

Thanks to this, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of kidney failure.

Treatment for shock

Acute kidney failure in 90% of cases is a consequence of a sharp drop in blood pressure during shock. Therefore, targeted protective therapy of the kidneys is necessarily involved in the scheme for removing the patient from shock.

To replenish the volume of blood loss, use:

plasma;
Reopoliglyukin;
protein solutions.

Reopolyglucin is a large molecular dextran

The patient's central venous pressure is simultaneously measured. It is important not to “overfill” the amount of liquid; you cannot exceed +10 cm of water. Art. This may cause pulmonary edema.

During operations on the heart and large vessels, in order to prevent kidney damage, the following is administered:

Mannitol solution - is able to maintain blood circulation in the kidneys and prevent the formation of cylinders in the tubules;
loop diuretics (Furosemide) have a similar effect.

Recent studies suggest that anesthesiologists and resuscitators prescribe Dopamine and Norepinephrine with great caution. They are administered to increase blood pressure. It has been proven that even small doses can cause myocardial ischemia and vasospasm of the intestines and kidneys. In this case, bacteria from the intestinal cavity pass into the general bloodstream.

Even in emergency conditions, the administration of these drugs should be stopped if an increase in urine output cannot be achieved and the concentration of creatinine in the blood serum increases.

Clinical picture

Symptoms of the acute form of the disease depend on the stage of the pathology:

At the initial stage of development of the disease, signs of the underlying pathology are disturbing. In this case, disorders in the kidney tissues are asymptomatic.
The oliguric stage is accompanied by impaired renal function and a decrease in urine volume. This leads to the accumulation of toxic substances and disruption of the water-salt balance. At this stage, the daily amount of urine decreases, appetite worsens, and heart rate increases. A person also experiences weakness, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. This stage is considered the most difficult and lasts 5-11 days.
Polyuric stage - at this stage the patient’s condition is restored, the volume of urine increases. There is a risk of dehydration and infection of the body.
Complete recovery - at this stage, kidney function returns to normal. This stage can last 6-12 months. If during the acute period most of the kidney tissue is damaged, it will not be possible to fully recover.

Chronic renal failure at the initial stage also has an asymptomatic course . The person feels relatively normal. As a rule, the first signs appear when the kidneys lose 80-90% of their functions.

As a rule, the first symptoms include general weakness and extreme fatigue. There is also a disturbance in urine output.

During the day, a large amount of liquid can be excreted - 2-4 liters. This often causes dehydration. In the later stages, the volume of urine decreases significantly, which is a bad sign.

In addition, the chronic form of the disease is accompanied by the following symptoms:

nausea and vomiting;
itching sensation;
muscle twitching;
feeling of dryness and bitter taste in the mouth;
pain in the abdomen;
diarrhea;
hemorrhages on the surface of the skin;
bleeding from the nose or stomach - due to decreased blood clotting;
high susceptibility to infectious pathologies.

At a later stage, the patient's condition worsens. Symptoms of shortness of breath and asthma may occur. Loss of consciousness is often observed. The person may even fall into a coma.

Clinical manifestations

Kidney failure manifests itself with quite clear signs, which in no case should be ignored. The chronic form is accompanied by the following symptoms: • decrease or increase in the volume of urine excreted; • increased urge to urinate at night; • feeling of heaviness in the bladder area; • darkening of the color of urine, possible presence of blood impurities; • sharp and unpleasant smell of urine; • urinary incontinence; • burning sensation when urinating; • formation of foam in the urine; • urination in small portions. These are the direct and most obvious symptoms that indicate the presence of a disorder in the body, and were observed in everyone undergoing treatment for kidney failure. But, the disease in question is also characterized by other signs: • pain localized in the lower back. They are usually stabbing in nature and can be observed on one or both sides. By evening, the discomfort becomes more pronounced. It is important not to confuse this symptom with ordinary muscle pain that develops after intense exercise; • chills. The disease is accompanied by reduced production of red blood cells, resulting in impaired blood supply to tissues. This leads to a feeling of chills, which can be observed even on a hot day, and the development of symptoms of iron deficiency anemia; • increased fatigue – develops against the background of impaired blood circulation, lack of oxygen in the tissues. Additionally, in a number of situations, muscle spasms and cramps are observed; • swelling – it appears against the background of impaired urinary processes. Edema that develops against the background of kidney problems is characterized by certain features. Swelling usually appears from top to bottom. Swelling is first observed on the face, then on the limbs. They are unstable and pass quickly. If you press on the swelling with your finger, the resulting hole quickly levels out; • rashes – appear against the background of impaired urination. All toxins and harmful substances are eliminated with urine. When these processes are disrupted, everything accumulates in the body and comes out through the skin as well; • metallic taste in the mouth and unpleasant odor. This symptom also indicates kidney disease and may be accompanied by changes in taste, nausea and vomiting. The presence of these signs indicates the presence of a serious disease in the body, the need to undergo diagnostics, and if the diagnosis is confirmed, treatment of renal failure.

General principles of therapy

How to treat kidney failure? This question worries a lot of people. For therapy to be effective, it is very important to eliminate the causes of the pathology.

Most often we are talking about postrenal factors - for example, obstruction of the urinary tract. Emergency care for acute renal failure in such a situation consists of catheterization of the bladder and prompt restoration of the patency of the tract.

If the kidneys themselves are damaged, medications must be administered that improve blood supply to the organ. These include Dopamine, Euphyllin, Papaverine . In this case, the total volume of the solution should be minimal.

If the cause of acute kidney failure is circulatory disorders, the volume of infusion is almost unlimited. In addition, diuretics are necessarily used to treat the disease. These include Furosemide, Mannitol .

Many people like to reduce creatinine in the blood with kidney failure. A decrease in this indicator is achieved only after treatment of the underlying pathology. Folk remedies help achieve only a temporary effect.

When is hemodialysis performed?

The question of the need for dialysis therapy is decided in the absence of effect from conservative treatment of acute kidney failure and an increase in the content of nitrogenous compounds in the blood.

What is kidney hemodialysis

Hemodialysis is indicated for:

exceeding the potassium threshold concentration of 7 mmol/l;
state of oligoanuria for five days or more;
developing pulmonary or cerebral edema;
pronounced uremia and acidosis.

The procedures are carried out daily or once every 2 days, while the amount of protein consumed from food and the volume of liquid drunk increases. In treatment practice, methods of slow but constant blood purification using hemofiltration and hemodiafiltration are used.

If the cause of deficiency is acute poisoning or sepsis, then hemodialysis is combined with hemosorption, which helps remove toxins and microorganisms from the blood.

The use of an “artificial kidney” is contraindicated if there are:

decompensation of hypovolemia;
presence of internal bleeding;
cerebral hemorrhage.

Hemofiltration equipment provides for significant replacement of the liquid part of the patient’s blood

Traditional methods of treatment

You can use effective folk recipes at home. Thanks to this, it will be possible to restore normal kidney function, cleanse the blood of toxic substances, eliminate swelling and normalize urine output.

Before starting such therapy, you should definitely consult a doctor, otherwise your condition may worsen.

So, what to do if this pathology develops?

Herbal infusions

Medicinal herbs are excellent in helping to cope with kidney failure. To get an effective product, you need to mix 30 g of juniper cones, parsley and steel grass roots, horsetail grass and tea rose flowers.

Add 40 g of heather flowers and black currant leaves to the resulting mixture.

Then take a couple of spoons of the resulting mixture, add 250 ml and cook for 2 minutes under a closed lid. Leave for 5 minutes and strain.

Take warm three times a day. This should be done between meals . Each time you should prepare a fresh decoction. This treatment should continue for a month.

However, the drug should not be taken in case of acute and subacute kidney inflammation. Contraindications also include peptic ulcers, pregnancy and cirrhosis of the liver.

An equally effective product will be a collection, for the preparation of which you need to mix 20 g of bearberry and strawberry leaves, 30 g of lovage root and horsetail herb, as well as 50 g of steelhead root.

Then 1 large spoon of the composition should be combined with a glass of water and cook for 3 minutes under a closed lid. Leave for 5 minutes, then strain.

Take the composition three times a day warm . It is recommended to do this between meals. This treatment should be carried out for a month.

The composition is contraindicated in acute inflammatory lesions of the urinary tract. This is due to the presence of bearberry leaves in the composition.

You can also prepare an effective diuretic and antiseptic composition that allows you to cope with inflammatory processes. To do this, you need to mix 30 g of elderberries, tricolor violet herb and St. John's wort, blackthorn flowers.

Add 50 g of dandelion root and 80 g of chamomile to the resulting product.

Take 1 large spoon of the mixture, add a glass of boiling water and cook under a closed lid for 3 minutes. Leave to infuse for 10 minutes. Take the strained product three times a day between meals. It is recommended to prepare a new product each time.

Cranberry

This berry contains fructose and tannins. This helps prevent urinary tract infections. Cranberry ensures rapid removal of bacteria from the body.

To get this effect, you should take 300 ml of cranberry juice every day.

Parsley

This is a very affordable product that perfectly helps with the development of chronic kidney failure.

Parsley root juice helps stimulate urine output.

Therefore, at the first symptoms of pathology, it is recommended to take this remedy every morning on an empty stomach.

There have been recorded cases where this product helped to cope even with complex forms of kidney failure and purulent nephritis . However, therapy must continue for quite a long time.

Oat straw decoction

When the first symptoms of pathology appear, you need to prepare this remedy . To do this, rinse a couple of handfuls of raw materials thoroughly, add 500 ml of water and boil for several minutes.

It is recommended to drink this remedy in small portions throughout the day. Therapy should be continued for 4-6 weeks.

Potato peel decoction

This remedy helps to cope perfectly with kidney failure . To do this, take half a glass of clean peel, add 2 glasses of water and bring to a boil.

Cook for a quarter of an hour over low heat. Take the decoction warm, half a glass three times a day.

Klopovnik

This remedy is also called watercress . It contains valuable vitamins C, A, as well as iron and potassium salts.

Thanks to its use, it is possible to strengthen the immune system and achieve a slight diuretic effect.

The herb has a spicy aroma, so it can be added to various dishes.

It is recommended to eat no more than 6 teaspoons of salad per day. Excessive amounts of the product can damage the gastric mucosa.

Bedrenets saxifrage

In case of kidney failure, you can use the rhizome of this plant, since it contains essential oils, coumarin, saponins, and tannins.

This product has diuretic properties and successfully copes with inflammation. Therefore, it can be used not only for kidney failure, but also for cystitis, nephritis, and urolithiasis.

To prepare the healing remedy, pour 1 small spoon of dry root into 250 ml of cool water, bring to a boil and cook over low heat for 3 minutes. Take 250 ml of the strained product. This should be done three times a day .

Black currant

The berries and leaves of this plant contain a lot of potassium, pectin, and vitamin C. This product also contains flavonoids and tannins.

Blackcurrant tea should be drunk if you have problems with urination . Potassium salts that are present in the product have a diuretic effect.

To make medicinal tea, mix 1 large spoon of plant leaves with a glass of cool water, bring to a boil and filter.

Asparagus

For medicinal purposes, you need to use the roots and young shoots of asparagus . This plant is actively used in folk medicine due to its active compounds. These include saponins, arginine, asparagine. The product also contains flavonoids and potassium salts.

Asparagus root activates the kidneys and helps eliminate excess fluid. This helps prevent stagnation of urine and the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms. Asparagus shoots are often used to cleanse the body.

If kidney disease occurs, you should take tea from the root of the plant. To do this, take 1 small spoon of dry raw materials, add a glass of water and bring to a boil. Cook for a few minutes, strain and cool.

It is recommended to use this product 2-3 times a day . Treatment is continued until complete recovery. In case of chronic kidney failure, the drug must be taken for life.

Horsetail

This substance has antibacterial and regenerating properties . Horsetail contains many flavonoids, potassium and silica.

Thanks to the systematic use of the product, it is possible to cure infections and remove toxic substances.

To prepare medicinal tea, add 1 tablespoon of healing dry herb to 250 ml of water and boil for 5 minutes. Cover the product with a lid and leave for 10 minutes.

Take the strained broth, 1 glass three times a day. Treatment continues for 2-3 months .

Then you need to stop for 4 weeks and start therapy again.

Corn

Corn is also an effective remedy for kidney diseases . To do this, mix 1 large spoon of the stigmas of this plant with a glass of boiling water, cover with a lid and leave for 10 minutes.

Strain and take every 6-8 hours. The infusion can be drunk hot or chilled at any time.

What diet and why should you follow for chronic renal failure (CRF)?

For patients with chronic renal failure, nutrition is no longer just a normal physiological process, but a very important, sometimes even the main, component of treatment. The basic principle of a diet for kidney failure that is not treated by dialysis is low protein and high calorie content. It must be emphasized that a low-protein diet for renal failure acts in two ways. Firstly, reducing the protein load inhibits one of the main mechanisms of chronic renal failure progression - the so-called hyperfiltration, when the still intact, non-sclerotic part of the renal tissue is forced to take on an increased load. Hyperfiltration, which itself leads to the development of sclerosis (regardless of the underlying disease), is aggravated by a high dietary protein load. From here, the mechanism of action of a low-protein diet becomes clear - less hyperfiltration, less “cushioning” of the kidney tissue. There is a second mechanism: protein is a nitrogen-containing substance; during its transformations in the body (scientifically called metabolism), the final product is formed - urea. It is excreted from the body by the kidneys, and accordingly its content in the blood in chronic renal failure is significantly higher than normal. By limiting protein intake with food, the level of urea in the blood decreases, and almost in parallel with this, the level of intoxication (that is, poisoning of the body with decay products) also decreases. Thus, long-term adherence to a low-protein diet leads, on the one hand, to a delay in the prospects of dialysis treatment, and on the other hand, to a direct improvement in well-being in patients with chronic renal failure.

Why should a diet for chronic renal failure be high in calories?

The fact is that with a lack of calories, our metabolism changes - not only our own fats, but also proteins begin to “burn”, the level of urea, therefore, not only does not decrease, but, on the contrary, increases, and the meaning of a low-protein diet is nullified. Therefore, a patient with chronic renal failure should receive at least 3500 kcal from food, and in the presence of physical activity, 4000-4500 kcal per day, while consuming no more than 25-30 g of protein. If, when limiting protein, it is not possible to gain sufficient calories (you can roughly estimate the result by weight dynamics - if the weight decreases, it means there are not enough calories), it is better to expand the diet with protein, but just do not starve!

For those who intend to take our recommendations seriously, there are special tables and calculators. You need to eat at least 5 times a day, in small portions. If nausea and lack of appetite lead to refusal of food, a vicious circle is formed: the less the patient eats, the higher his urea level, the greater the intoxication, the worse the appetite, the less he eats... The circle is closed, and in such cases, break it This is possible only with the help of drip infusions and other special treatment methods.

What other nutrition-related dangers exist in chronic renal failure?

They really exist and are associated with the fact that as chronic renal failure progresses, the level of potassium in the blood of patients increases. A rather complex mechanism operating in the renal tubules is responsible for this: potassium from the blood is no longer excreted in the required amount by the kidneys, and accordingly accumulates in the blood. This can cause serious, sometimes life-threatening problems with the heart. Therefore, every patient with chronic renal failure, if his blood potassium is elevated, must follow a diet with a sharp restriction of potassium in food. The normal level of potassium is 3.5-5.5 mmol/l, it is determined by a blood test “from a vein”.

The highest potassium content is in dried fruits, followed by potatoes, sorrel, bananas, then other fruits and vegetables, sea fish, and meat. But there is no or very little potassium in sugar, marshmallows and marmalade, butter, dairy products, and cereals. In practice, patients with a tendency to increase potassium should simply exclude dried fruits, bananas, sorrel, potatoes, fruit juices from consumption, limit other fruits and vegetables to 200 g per day, and you already limit meat and fish, unless of course you follow a low-protein diet . You can gain calories without potatoes through sour cream, butter, marmalade, marshmallows and cereal products.

Is it necessary to limit salt?

There is no need to salt food, and not only with chronic renal failure, but also with arterial hypertension of any origin. There is nothing wrong with this restriction, because sodium, which is part of salt, is found in almost all food products, and even when eating unsalted foods, you still get the amount of sodium per day that your body needs. Particularly salty foods include cheese, sausages, as well as canned meat, fish and vegetables - all of them are heavily salted during the manufacturing process and should not be eaten.

Do I need to add anything to my food?

The kidney is an organ that regulates the balance of sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and hydrogen ions in the body. Maintaining their normal levels in the blood and tissues is vital. And here's why: for the cells of our body to function normally, they need to maintain a constant chemical composition of their internal environment. This is a kind of solution, which, according to one of the most common theories, is similar in chemical properties to the environment in which life originated on Earth. That is, in essence, our cells store within themselves a tiny drop of ancient biochemical material with established parameters. And if the usual parameters of the content of vital substances, formed over millennia, change, the cells stop doing their work or even die. The functions of the brain, the activity of the heart, skeletal muscles, etc. are impaired. To prevent this from happening, so that the level of substances dissolved in the blood delivered to the cells is stable, and the cells can maintain their internal environment, despite changing external conditions, the composition of the blood is constantly regulated, including by the kidneys. If kidney function is impaired due to illness, then the chemical constancy of the internal environment—homeostasis—is disrupted. This doesn't just apply to sodium and potassium, which we've already talked about. Now let's move on to the exchange of calcium, phosphorus and hydrogen ions. Calcium and closely related phosphorus are the most important substances on which the condition of our skeletal system, heart and other muscles, central nervous system and blood coagulation system depends. In chronic renal failure, the excretion of phosphorus in the urine is impaired; accordingly, its level in the blood increases, and it is for this reason, for the second time, that the calcium content in the blood decreases. A high level of phosphorus in the blood causes itchy skin and has a negative effect on the cardiovascular system. Lack of calcium in the blood leads to disruption of the muscular and circulatory system, resulting in weakness, cramps, and bleeding. If there is not enough calcium in the blood, it begins to be washed out of the bones, the bones become brittle, break easily, do not heal well, and pain appears. In addition, with chronic renal failure, the metabolism of vitamin D in the kidneys is also disrupted, and as a result, its deficiency develops and a condition resembling rickets in young children occurs. Therefore, you need to take care of sufficient calcium intake in the body. The greatest amount of calcium is found in dairy products, cereals, eggs, dried fruits and some vegetables. In this case, it is necessary to limit the intake of phosphorus from food. The richest foods in phosphorus are milk, cottage cheese, egg yolk, beef, wheat bread, cereals, dried fruits, and walnuts. If you are already following a low-protein diet with low potassium content, then you, of course, limit your intake of cottage cheese, eggs, meat, bread, nuts and do not eat dried fruits, which means you “automatically” follow a low-phosphate diet. Therefore, you can eat as much cereal as you like. However, one cannot help but notice that in those products with a lot of calcium, there is a lot of phosphorus, or protein, or potassium, or all at once. What way out of this situation can be proposed? Very simple - calcium must be taken in the form of powders or tablets. Calcium carbonate is most suitable for our purposes. Not only is it absorbed better than other calcium-containing substances, but it also has the ability to bind phosphorus in the intestines and limit its entry into the blood. The daily dose of calcium carbonate is calculated by a nephrologist, and it can be purchased at the pharmacy in the form of powder or soluble effervescent tablets. In some cases, for better absorption, vitamin D supplements are added to calcium supplements. Of course, all this must be done with the knowledge of a doctor, and under the supervision of blood tests for calcium, phosphorus and parathyroid hormone - tests should be taken at least once a quarter. In addition, it should be borne in mind that for some diseases, such as urolithiasis, for example, these recommendations are not suitable and the diet must be specifically discussed with a specialist.

Another important process is maintaining the acid-base balance. It is characterized by such an indicator as “pH”, which reflects the content of hydrogen ions, and, accordingly, the acidity of the medium or solution. Normally, our blood has a slightly alkaline reaction; a pH level of 7.35 is normal for it. If the blood pH is less than 7.35, then it contains an excess of acids; if it is more than 7.35, then it contains an excess of alkalis. In chronic renal failure, as well as in some other conditions, the kidneys lose the ability to excrete hydrogen ions in the urine. This means that excess acid is not removed from the body, the blood becomes too acidic, and its pH drops to 7.2 or lower. The lungs try to compensate for these changes by retaining in the body the alkaline carbon dioxide that we exhale. To do this, breathing slows down, and various secondary metabolic disorders begin.

But this can also be partly combated with the help of diet if you consume alkaline foods. The simplest and most famous, classic, so to speak, dietary product is alkaline mineral water, for example Borjomi. However, there is a danger: mineral water contains alkali in the form of sodium bicarbonate (bicarbonate). And sodium increases blood pressure, especially in chronic renal failure. Therefore, the amount of mineral water or the dose of baking soda (that is, sodium bicarbonate) must be selected individually under the supervision of a doctor, who can add sodium removal drugs to the treatment. Unless your doctor prescribes otherwise, you should drink 1-2 glasses of Borjomi or 1-2 teaspoons of baking soda in a glass of water per day with mandatory blood pressure monitoring.

A properly selected diet with the right amount of supplements can improve your well-being and delay, or even prevent, the development of some very unpleasant complications of chronic renal failure, which is why a lot of attention is paid to it.
When creating your menu, you need to learn how to use tables or calculators to help determine the composition of various products and be sure to discuss your diet with a nephrologist. You can contact NES departments for advice.

Nutritional Features

Diet plays a key role in kidney failure.

To cope with the disease, you need to reduce your protein intake, since such foods put a strain on the kidneys. It is best to eat 0.5-0.8 g of this substance per 1 kg of weight.

In order for the body to receive more calories, you should eat foods that contain a lot of carbohydrates. What can you eat with this diagnosis? Experts advise eating vegetables, cereals, and sweets. For the development of pyelonephritis, apple cider vinegar is a good remedy.

Nutrition for kidney failure should not include a lot of salt, especially if it is retained in the body. The ideal amount of fluid is 0.5 liters more than the volume that the body loses during the day.

What can’t you eat with this diagnosis? The patient will have to give up nuts, legumes and mushrooms. These products contain a lot of protein. If the potassium level in the blood increases, bananas, coffee, and grapes should be excluded. Chocolate and raisins are also prohibited.

What is the treatment for acute kidney failure that has already developed?

In the presence of acute renal failure, medications must ensure resistance to all threatened consequences of damage to the body:

water retention in cells (hyperhydration);
hyperkalemia (increased potassium concentration in the blood);
uremia (accumulation of nitrogenous waste, determined by the level of urea and creatinine);
anemia (drop of red blood cells);
disturbed electrolyte balance;
acidosis (deviation of acid-base balance to the acidic side);
addition of infection.

For moderately severe deficiency, conservative treatment is used.

Water regime - the total volume of fluid administered should replenish losses through urine, vomiting, diarrhea + have a reserve of 400 ml. Control is carried out by weighing the patient daily. It is better if the liquid comes with drinking water.

The following rules should be followed:

an increase in the patient’s temperature for each degree above 37 requires 500 ml more fluid;
for shortness of breath with a respiratory rate of 10 more than 20 per minute, another 400 ml of water is added.

Intravenous solutions help provide the required volume. In the presence of reduced plasma sodium concentrations, overhydration will require fluid restriction.

A good indicator of therapy is a weight loss of 250–500 g daily

To avoid hyperkalemia in a patient with an operated kidney, timely treatment of the wound, removal of necrotic tissue, and drainage of cavities is necessary. Foods containing potassium are limited in the diet.

You can learn more about nutritional problems in kidney failure in this article.

To reduce the breakdown of protein compounds, anabolic steroids are prescribed and infection prevention is carried out. The patient's diet should be protein-free, but the calorie content of food should be within the range of 1500–2000 kcal/day. In cases of persistent vomiting, parenteral intravenous nutrition is provided with glucose solutions, amino acid mixtures, and Intralipid.

It should be taken into account that antibiotics in conditions of cessation of kidney function and increased vascular permeability become more toxic. It has been shown that even relatively low-toxic drugs of the penicillin series and cephalosporins cause hemorrhagic complications (bleeding) in patients due to an increased effect on platelet adhesion and prothrombin levels. Therefore, the prescription of these drugs for renal failure should be strictly dosed in accordance with the severity of the renal pathology.

Prevention

Kidney failure is a very dangerous condition. Therefore, prevention should include the following measures:

diet;
systematic visits to the doctor;
compliance with work and rest schedules, avoidance of excessive loads;
treatment of major pathologies - hypertension, diabetes, scleroderma;
to give up smoking;
reducing the amount of analgesics;
reduction or complete elimination of alcohol.

Kidney failure is a common pathology that can cause dangerous consequences..

To minimize all possible threats, you should consult a doctor. As a supplement, it is worth using folk remedies.

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source: lechenie-narodom.ru

The human body adapts to environmental conditions. And they don't get better over the years. Increasingly, not entirely environmentally friendly drinks and food enter the body, and the kidneys are engaged in cleansing all this. The weight of one organ is only 200 grams, and they pass 1000 liters of blood per day.

Poor quality water, synthetic drinks - everything affects the operation of these small “filters”. Diseases associated with this organ are found in children and adults. The most alarming thing is kidney failure. Treatment with modern methods and folk remedies, as well as the symptoms and causes of the disease, we will consider further.

Kinds

There are 2 degrees of renal failure: chronic and acute.
In the acute form, the function of the organ is disrupted suddenly, but this condition is reversible if treatment is started in time.

Statistics say that the incidence of this type of deficiency reaches 200 cases per 1 million population.

Half of them require hemodialysis. Since the 1990s, there has been a steady trend towards an increase in the number of patients with renal pathology. The acute form becomes not a single-organ disease, but part of the multiple organ failure syndrome.

Without treatment, the acute form of deficiency develops into the chronic stage. In this case, over the course of several years, the patient experiences an alternation of exacerbations and remissions. The chronic form is characterized by the gradual loss of the kidneys' ability to form and excrete urine. Develops as a result of the slow death of nephrons. According to statistics, the prevalence of this disease is 450 cases per 1 million population.

Depending on the pathogenesis, renal failure is divided into the following types:

prerenal
. The reason for its development is considered to be a change in the state of the efferent and afferent arterioles of the nephron of the kidneys. Because of this, blood flow in the nephrons is disrupted. As long as the intrarenal pressure is above 70 mmHg, the filtration rate does not change. There are special medications whose action is aimed at narrowing the arterioles. These are, for example, ACE inhibitors, anti-inflammatory non-steroidal medications. They are used to ensure that intrarenal pressure does not fall below normal;
renal _ Occurs with long-term hypertension and sepsis. Also factors in the development of insufficiency include tubular necrosis, kidney tumors, the presence of stones in the urinary tract;
postrenal _ This includes the reasons that provoke chronic illness in patients. This condition is usually caused by urolithiasis;
end- stage renal failure occurs, as a rule, in patients with autoimmune pathologies, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, diabetes mellitus and pyelonephritis.

What is kidney failure

The kidneys play two very important roles in the body: they remove waste products and maintain acid-base and water balance. This is done by the blood flow passing through them. Renal failure is a syndrome in which severe abnormalities in functioning are observed. The stability in the functioning of organs is disrupted, the balance of their functioning disappears. Contaminated blood stops being filtered, spreading to all organs, it disrupts their coordinated work.

There are two types of kidney failure:

Spicy.
Chronic.

The first form occurs very quickly, but is curable. It is more difficult with chronic, it develops slowly, but the impaired functions cannot be restored. And now, having found out what acute renal failure is, we will consider the treatment of its forms and symptoms further.

Diagnostics

For a disease such as renal failure, treatment is prescribed based on the results of diagnostic procedures. First, the doctor clarifies when the first signs appeared, how severe they were, how much urine is produced per day, and how quickly the patient gets tired. The nephrologist also finds out whether the patient’s relatives have kidney problems and conducts an examination for swelling and sensitivity of the limbs.

Comprehensive diagnosis of renal failure includes:

general urine analysis . The presence of protein indicates a dysfunction of the organ;
urine sample according to Zimnitsky . Provides information about the volume and density of urine;
general blood test, biochemistry . In case of deficiency, high levels of potassium, uric acid, phosphorus, and cholesterol are noted. Platelets, red blood cells, hemoglobin are increased. Creatinine in renal failure helps assess the function and functioning of the organ;
MRI, ultrasound, computed tomography . Allows you to determine the cause of the narrowing of the pathways that remove urine.
dopplerography . Shows how blood passes through the vessels;
radiography . Detects respiratory system disorders;
biopsy;
ECG . It is prescribed in order to understand what disorders exist in the heart muscle, and whether cardio-renal failure is developing.

It is important that the examination is complete. Therefore, you should not refuse to undergo those tests and studies that the doctor prescribes. Having received a sufficient amount of information regarding the functioning of organs and systems, the doctor can easily and quickly select an appropriate treatment regimen.

Causes of acute form

This type of disease can be triggered in 60% of cases by injury or surgery, in 40% by drug treatment, and in 2% by pregnancy.

The following conditions may be the causes of development:

Traumatic shock.
Heavy blood loss.
Poisoning with neurotropic poisons.
Intoxication with medications, radiopaque substances.
Infectious diseases such as cholera, sepsis, dysentery.
Thrombosis and embolism are dangerous.
Acute pyelonephritis or glomerulonephritis.
Abortion.
Burns to large areas of the body.
Blood transfusion if incompatibility is detected.
Continuous vomiting.
During pregnancy - severe toxicosis.
Myocardial infarction.
Tumor formation or stones in the ureter.

With all these conditions, there is a possibility of developing kidney disease, so you need to know the first symptoms of the disease.

Diet

A special diet for chronic renal failure will help reduce the load on the kidneys and slow down the progression of the process. In addition, proper nutrition during kidney failure will significantly improve your well-being.

limiting protein intake,

high calorie content,

sufficient content of fruits and vegetables,

control of the intake of table salt and liquid,

fasting fruit and vegetable days 1-2 times a week.

In the initial stage of chronic renal failure, the amount of protein in food approaches normal (about 1 g/kg body weight), provided that there are 1-2 fasting days per week. In later stages, the daily protein intake should not exceed 20-30 g.

At the same time, a sufficient supply of essential amino acids is necessary (the daily norm is contained in two chicken eggs). The high calorie content of food is achieved through fats (mainly vegetable) and carbohydrates.

The amount of fluid required is calculated by the formula: the volume of urine excreted per day plus 500-800 ml. In this case, all liquids (drinks, soups, fruits, vegetables) should be taken into account. In the absence of severe arterial hypertension and edema and the water balance is maintained, the patient can receive 4-6 g of table salt per day.

If drug treatment includes sodium preparations, then the amount of salt in food is reduced accordingly. When hypertension and edema are severe, salt in the daily menu is limited to 3-4 g or less. Long-term significant salt restriction is undesirable, therefore, with a decrease in edema and a decrease in blood pressure, its amount can again be slightly increased.

DETAILS: How to increase potency methods, types, drugs, tablets

Symptoms of the disease

As mentioned above, kidney function in this condition can be fully restored if you consult a doctor in time. This disease can develop over a short period of time, from several hours to seven days.

This condition lasts from a day or more. The main thing is not to ignore the symptoms if it is acute renal failure. Treatment should be prescribed immediately.

The development of the disease can be divided into 4 stages.

The first period - shock - lasts a couple of days. The following symptoms appear:

Chills.
Increased body temperature.
Pale or yellowish skin.
Tachycardia, low blood pressure.

In the second period, urine stops forming, nitrogen and phenol accumulate in the blood. It lasts approximately one to two weeks and also has the following manifestations:

Lost appetite.
Weakness, headache, dizziness.
Insomnia.
Nausea and vomiting.
Smell of ammonia.
Possible pulmonary edema.

The third period is called recovery, the condition may improve, or it may worsen. In some cases, a person develops an appetite and begins to feel much better.

The fourth period is also a recovery period, it is characterized by the fact that:

The indicators are returning to normal.
Kidney functions are restored.

This period can last from several months to several years.

However, it is worth noting that with this disease, liver cells are also damaged, which explains the yellowness of the skin. If there was an acute condition, its symptoms may be reminiscent of the disrupted functioning of internal organs, for example, the liver or heart muscle, for another year or two.

At home

In the acute period, treatment should be carried out exclusively in a hospital setting under the constant supervision of a doctor . When the condition stabilizes, it is possible to replace the regime with a home one, provided that all procedures can be carried out.

Another advantage of conducting part of the treatment at home is minimizing the stress of visiting the clinic, which reduces the effort involved to zero.

Causes of chronic disease

The development of a chronic form can be provoked by the following conditions:

Chronic glomerulonephritis.
Stones in the kidneys.
Obstruction of the ureters.
Renal polycystic disease.
Long-term use of certain groups of medications.
Lupus, diabetes.
Chronic pyelonephritis.

It is worth noting that the chronic course of pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis most often causes acute renal failure.

Using detoxification methods

Hemofiltration is a technique for removing intoxication, which involves removing more than 20 liters of water while simultaneously replacing it with polyionic solutions containing the necessary set of electrolytes. It is believed that this method is more physiological, since filtration membranes and pressure close to the renal glomeruli are used. Effectively removes substances with medium molecular sizes from the body, better improves gas exchange in the lungs.

Plasmapheresis is used as one of the components of dialysis. In the treatment of acute renal failure the following is manifested:

direct removal of toxic substances from plasma;
removal of excess fluid from the vascular bed.

It is considered especially effective in the phase of relieving oligoanuria (before hemodialysis) for an additional opportunity to increase the amount of fluid administered and remove nephrotoxic and hemolytic poisons. Plasmapheresis is especially indicated:

patients with myeloma, thrombocytopenic purpura, complicated by acute renal failure;
with DIC syndrome;
patients with rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis.

The enterosorption method involves the use of tablets or powder, which, when they enter the intestines, collect toxic substances, metabolic products, and nitrogenous wastes. An example of a drug from the group of sorbents is Enterosgel. It has practically no contraindications. Used by the course to enhance other techniques during the period of oligoanuria.

A teaspoon of Enterosgel is dissolved in water before taking

Symptoms of chronic acute failure

The chronic course of the disease allows irreversible processes to develop in the kidneys. There is a violation of the excretory function, and uremia appears due to the accumulation of nitrogenous metabolic products. At the initial stage of development, there are practically no symptoms; deviations can only be determined through special tests. Unfortunately, only when 90% of the nephrons have already been destroyed do the symptoms of the disease begin to appear:

Fast fatiguability.
Decreased appetite.
Pale and dry skin.
Nausea and vomiting.
Bleeding.
Anemia.
Edema.
Indigestion.
Muscle cramps.
The appearance of aphthous stomatitis.
Frequent headaches.
Possible tremor of the limbs.
Joint pain.
The condition of hair and nails worsens.

It is very important not to miss symptoms if there are concerns that kidney failure may develop. Treatment must be started as quickly as possible. This is the only way to prevent irreversible changes.

Treatment

At the initial stages of development, renal failure is treated with conservative methods. The patient is prescribed medications that stimulate urination, normalize blood pressure and prevent autoimmune processes.

The main goal of therapy is to eliminate the factors that provoke the development of renal failure. For this the following can be used:

Antihypertensive drugs. Renal failure is closely related to dysfunction of the cardiovascular system. Against this background, there is a sharp increase in blood pressure, which must be eliminated. For this purpose, antihypertensive drugs are used: Hypernorm-biol, Captopres, Captopril, Tono-biol, etc. The specific drug, frequency and duration of its use are prescribed exclusively by a doctor.
Diuretics. Diuretic medications are used to divert urine. Together with the regulation of urination, they also help normalize blood pressure, and can be used together with antihypertensive medications. In case of renal failure, the use of Nefrobiol is effective. Herbal teas can also be prescribed - Nephrobiol, cranberry extract, etc.
Hormonal agents. It is advisable to use them in case of autoimmune genesis of renal failure, as well as if it was caused by subclinical hypothyroidism. Drugs in this group are also prescribed to prevent the development of such processes. Medicines containing thyroid hormones (substances produced by the thyroid gland) have proven themselves to be effective. But since with hormone therapy it is important to take into account the individual characteristics of the course of the disease, only a doctor can prescribe them.
Antibiotics. If infectious lesions caused by pathogenic microorganisms develop during renal failure, the patient is given a course of antibiotic therapy. In this case, penicillins (Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Benzylpenicillin, etc.), cephalosporins (Cefalothin, Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, etc.), quinolones (Levofloxacin, Enoxacin, etc.) are used.
Antifungal agents. It is advisable to use them for fungal kidney infections. Patients are prescribed Ketoconazole, Miconazole, etc.
NSAIDs and non-narcotic analgesics. Relieves inflammation and relieves pain. The drugs used are: Aspirin, Diclofenac, Naproxen, Oxaprozin, etc.
Antiarrhythmic drugs. Used for cardiac arrhythmia associated with renal failure. For this disease, the following are used: Bretilium tosylate, Digoxin, Lidocaine, Mexiletine, etc.
Lipid-lowering drugs. Renal failure is often combined with atherosclerosis. In this case, drugs that lower blood cholesterol levels are prescribed: Gemfibrozil or Pravastatin.
Sugar-lowering drugs. Prescribed to patients with renal failure resulting from diabetes mellitus. The drugs Glibenclamide, Glipizide, Troglitazone are prescribed.
Anticoagulants: Dalteparin, Enoxaparin. Drugs in this group thin the blood and prevent the formation of blood clots. In case of PN, they are extremely necessary, since they prevent the development of severe complications.

From medications, vitamin preparations based on iron, calciferol and other nutrients can also be prescribed. It is not recommended to take them on your own, since they are selected individually, taking into account the indicators of a biochemical blood test.

Diagnosis of kidney failure

If a patient is suspected of having renal failure, treatment should be started only after the diagnosis has been confirmed. It is necessary to contact a nephrologist and urologist. The following examination will be prescribed:

Biochemical blood test for electrolytes, creatinine, urea.
Analysis of urine.
Ultrasound of the bladder and kidneys.
UZGD.
Kidney biopsy for suspected glomerulonephritis.

When diagnosing a chronic disease, a Rehberg test and a Zimnitsky test are done in addition to everything.

How is renal insufficiency treated?

Renal (intrarenal) damage involves the use of any method of reducing the degree of destruction of the renal epithelium in countermeasures. At the beginning of treatment it is necessary:

restore blood circulation in the arterial system and microcirculation in the tissue; for this, a combination of Reopoliglucin with Pentoxifylline is recommended;
stop administering nephrotoxic drugs to the patient;
establish control over the content of nitrogenous waste and electrolytes in the blood, the specific gravity and acidity of urine.

To use the reserve capabilities of the kidneys, it is necessary to stimulate the function of working nephrons with the help of:

antispasmodics (Eufillin, Papaverine are administered 6–12 times a day, combination with a small dose of Dopamine is allowed);
alkalizing agents (sodium bicarbonate solution intravenously);
loop diuretics (diuretics) - Lasix, Furosemide.

To combat hyperkalemia, the following are used:

Amburge mixture intravenously (composed of 40% glucose solution, insulin, calcium chloride);
repeated administration of calcium gluconate 2-3 times with a break of 5 minutes while monitoring the ECG;
administration of sodium bicarbonate;
taking ion exchange resins;
stimulation of diuresis.

Therapy is carried out for six hours in anticipation of the transition of potassium into the cellular space.

If a high sodium concentration is suspected, the 4% solution is diluted by half

Treatment of acute form

For such a serious disease as acute renal failure, treatment is primarily aimed at eliminating the factors that caused the exacerbation.

If the cause is the patient's shock, it is necessary to normalize blood pressure and replace blood loss, if any.

In case of poisoning, first of all, it is necessary to rinse the patient’s stomach and intestines. In case of poisoning with toxic substances, it is possible to cleanse the body using the method of extracorporeal hemocorrection.

Also, removing stones or tumors from the ureter or bladder normalizes the patient’s condition. All these procedures are performed at the initial stage of the disease.

Next, activities are carried out that will contribute to the narrowing of arteries and blood vessels. Areas with tissue necrosis are removed, and antibiotic therapy is prescribed taking into account the damage to the renal tissue. The patient is prescribed a special protein-free diet. Drug treatment of kidney failure includes the following drugs:

"Furosemide".
"Cocarboxylase-Ellara".
"Losartan."
"Trometamol."
"Reogluman".
"Mannitol."

At an early stage of the development of kidney failure or for preventive purposes, the doctor may prescribe hemodialysis. It is indicated if the doctor sees that there is a violation of kidney function and a deterioration in metabolism. Hemodialysis is done to prevent complications. This procedure allows the blood to be cleaned before it passes through the kidneys.

Types of drugs

The list of medications prescribed for the disease described is very long. When choosing a drug, the degree of the disease, the timing of the disease, anamnesis and much more are taken into account.

Antibiotics

The most commonly prescribed antibiotics when diagnosing kidney failure are the drugs Ampicillin and Carbenicillin. Taking into account the very wide range of their actions and provided that the body tolerates these drugs normally, they can be classified as the most effective. However, they should be taken only after a thorough examination and on the advice of a doctor.

In addition, neomycin antibiotics such as Neomycin, Streptomycin, Kanamycin and others are often prescribed for treatment. Since the listed drugs are excreted from the body exclusively due to glomerular filtration of the kidneys, in case of chronic disease of the kidneys, an extremely moderate dosage is recommended.

Other

The drug Furosemide

One of the effective drugs for the treatment of the described disease is Furosemide. The drug should be used in courses, the size of the breaks between which is strictly determined by the attending physician. Violation of the established regimen can lead to a number of side effects: severe weakness, decreased blood pressure and excessive cardiac output.

The strongest drugs also include Mannitol. Admission is carried out through intravenous injections and only in hospital treatment. After introducing the medicine into the body, there is a temporary increase in blood circulation, which can significantly reduce the effect of sickling cells. The abundance of hemoglobin subsequently entering the bloodstream restores balance in the blood. After introduction into the body, Mannitol is constantly outside its cells. If an excess of the drug forms in the plasma, it is often necessary to resort to serious measures to reduce intracranial pressure.

As a good prophylactic agent, when a patient has symptoms of renal failure, Renagel is often prescribed. After its use, the drug begins to actively remove calcium from the patient’s body, which is why it is always used in conjunction with medications that allow the body to maintain the level of this substance required by the body. Failure to follow the recommendations of your doctor when taking Renagel can lead to damage to bone tissue and a number of other diseases.

Therapy for chronic forms of the disease

Treatment of chronic renal failure is aimed at slowing the progression of the underlying disease. The main task of doctors is to detect the disease at an early stage and prevent changes in kidney function.

To treat the chronic form, hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis are used. They are performed in a medical facility, but do not require hospitalization; after the procedure, the patient can go home.

The patient can perform peritoneal dialysis independently. It is enough to visit the doctor once a month. This procedure is used for treatment while the patient is awaiting a kidney transplant, since this disease triggers irreversible processes, and this is the only way to maintain the patient's condition.

Transplantation is the replacement of a damaged kidney with a donor organ. It can be either a relative or a recently deceased person. At the beginning, many compatibility tests are carried out. After the operation, the kidney takes root within a year. One healthy kidney replaces the work of two sick ones. If the donor is a relative, then the chances of a favorable outcome increase.

After a kidney transplant has been performed, the patient is prescribed immunosuppressants, which will need to be taken for the rest of his life. There is one negative point: while taking these drugs, a person’s immunity is noticeably reduced, and he can easily become infected with any infectious disease.

Chronic renal failure (CRF) symptoms

Symptoms of acute renal failure

Symptoms of acute renal failure depend on the stage:

initial stage;
stage of decrease in daily urine volume to less than 400 ml (oliguric stage);
stage of restoration of urine volume (polyuric stage);
full recovery stage.

Symptoms may vary from person to person. Someone in the early stages of kidney disease may not even feel sick. As the disease progresses, the symptoms become more noticeable.

Uremia - “urea in the blood.” Signs of uremia are: progressive weakness and easy fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, muscle atrophy, tremors, abnormal mental functions, rapid shallow breathing and metabolic acidosis.

Without intervention through dialysis or kidney transplantation, uremia due to renal failure will progress to stupor, coma, and death.

Accumulation of phosphates in the blood. Signs of phosphate accumulation include: itching, osteoporosis of bones, bone fractures not healing, muscle cramps (caused by low calcium levels)

Accumulation of potassium in the blood (hyperkalemia). Signs of hyperkalemia are: heart rhythm disturbances, muscle paralysis.

Accumulation of fluid in the body. Signs: swelling of the legs, ankles, feet, face, hands, shortness of breath due to extra fluid in the lungs.

Polycystic kidney disease, which causes large, fluid-filled cysts on the kidneys and sometimes the liver. May cause back or side pain.

Anemia. Healthy kidneys produce the hormone erythropoietin, which stimulates the bone marrow to synthesize oxygen-carrying red blood cells.

In chronic renal failure, the kidneys produce less erythropoietin, which leads to decreased production of red blood cells. As a result, hemoglobin in the blood decreases and anemia begins.

Signs of anemia: feeling tired, memory problems, difficulty concentrating, dizziness, low blood pressure.

Diet as a method of treatment

Whatever methods of treatment for kidney failure are used, it is necessary to adhere to a special diet. Here are a few rules for its observance:

It is recommended to eat more vegetables and fruits.
Animal fat should be excluded from the diet.
Reduce the amount of salt, spices, smoked meats, and canned food.
If potassium levels are elevated, foods containing it should be avoided. Among them are banana, nuts, cocoa, vegetable and meat broths, chocolate, dried fruits.

In case of uremia, it is necessary to remove legumes, fish, offal, goose, veal, muesli, and alcohol from the diet.
For cooking, it is best to use food foil, avoid frying and baking.
It is advisable to switch to dietary foods.
Reduce your intake of protein foods. Eat healthy protein - eggs, milk.

If chronic renal failure develops, treatment with folk remedies can be a good addition to drug therapy. It should be noted that the use of these drugs will be more effective at an early stage of the disease.

Replacement therapy

The intake or administration of any medications must be combined with regular testing. This is necessary to monitor indicators of renal concentration function, urea, creatinine, and glomerular filtration.

To correct electrolyte imbalances, the patient may need the administration of potassium chloride (if hypokalemia develops). On the contrary, if there is an excess of potassium, the drug Resonium is taken, and glucose with insulin is administered intravenously.

Physiotherapy methods are usually aimed at influencing the underlying disease and improving the functioning of the renal nephrons. They can be included in the complex treatment of chronic renal failure if prescribed by the attending physician. Physiotherapy improves the outflow of urine, relieves kidney spasms if present, and reduces the severity of inflammation.

The following types of physiotherapy are commonly practiced:

Therapeutic baths;
Reception of mineral waters;
UHF;
Amplipulse therapy;
Magnetotherapy;
Electrophoresis of various preparations.

When glomerular filtration rates decrease below 15-5 ml/minute, the kidneys should be treated with replacement therapy methods. In the presence of diabetic nephropathy, the decision to undergo dialysis can be made even at higher rates.

Indications for hemodialysis in chronic renal failure:

Hyperkalemia more than 6.5-7 mmol/l.
The creatinine content is above 700-1200 mmol/l.

The patient is recommended to undergo hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Hemodialysis is the main treatment for end-stage renal failure. It is based on the removal from the blood into a special solution of harmful substances that are retained in the body during uremia. An artificial kidney apparatus is used - a hemodialyzer - and a solution supply device.

Alternative treatment for kidney failure

It is very good if you use the proposed recipes while adhering to a diet. Here are some of them:

You need to take one part of dill seeds and chop them, add 20 parts of water. Take half a glass 4 times a day. Dill perfectly relieves inflammatory processes and has a diuretic effect.
Seaweed improves metabolic processes. Can be added to dishes in the amount of 100 grams daily. Helps remove toxins from the body.
Juniper is prepared according to this scheme. Brew one spoon with a glass of boiling water and leave for an hour. Strain and take 1 tablespoon 4 times a day.
Horsetail has a diuretic, bactericidal, and astringent effect. Helps restore water and electrolyte balance. You need to pour 3 tablespoons of horsetail into 0.5 liters of water and boil for 30 minutes, then strain and drink in 3-4 doses per day.

If you have chronic kidney failure, herbal treatment can help reduce the progression of the disease. For example, it is recommended to use the following infusion:

You need to take 30 grams of blackthorn flowers, tricolor violet, St. John's wort, elderberry, 50 grams of dandelion and 80 grams of chamomile. Take one tablespoon of the resulting mixture, pour 1 cup of boiling water and cook for 3 minutes. After the decoction has infused for 10 minutes, strain and drink three times a day before meals. It is a good antipyretic, diuretic and antiseptic.
Burdock root improves the patient's condition. The infusion is prepared as follows: pour boiling water over the chopped root and leave overnight. You need to drink the infusion in small portions throughout the day. The drinking regime must be observed.

If there is kidney failure, treatment with folk remedies will help strengthen the immune system and give strength to fight the disease. For example, echinacea tincture will increase the body's resistance to infections.

You can mix walnuts and honey in equal proportions and leave in a dark place for 30 days. You need to eat 3 teaspoons per day in three doses. This product cleanses the blood well and strengthens the immune system.

It is very important to keep your symptoms under control if you have kidney failure. Treatment with folk remedies can reduce their manifestation, so it must be agreed upon with the attending physician.

Restoring the body after a course of antibacterial agents

The patient should follow a low-salt and low-protein diet to reduce symptoms of the disease. Regular use of liquid (1.5-2.5 liters) statistically insignificantly improves the condition of patients. Elderly patients and pregnant women are advised to avoid cold and eat a healthy diet. To avoid the development of dysbiosis after treatment with antibiotics, it is necessary to take probiotics that restore the intestinal microflora.

Folk diuretics should not be taken without prior consultation with a specialist. Herbal medicines can worsen the course of renal failure.

Conclusions:

The material in this article is intended for informational purposes only and cannot be used for self-medication. Taking any medications without a doctor's prescription is dangerous to your health!!!
CRF causes bone osteoporosis, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases, disrupts libido and erection, and dramatically increases the risk of cancer. Mortality from all causes is rising sharply.
CRF can be caused by improper treatment of hypertension. The following cannot be used together: - drugs of the ACE inhibitor group (ramipril, enalapril, perindopril, etc.) Sartans (telmisartan, losartan, etc.) - they cannot be used together, but they can be taken separately!!! — Diuretics, drugs from the ACEI group, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (aspirin, ibuprofen, paracetamol, etc.) - they cannot be used together, but separately they can!!! - Sartana diuretics Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (aspirin, ibuprofen, paracetamol, etc.) - they cannot be used together, but separately they can!!! - High doses of Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory ACE inhibitors or Sartans - they are not allowed together, but separately they are possible!!! — Long-term use of high doses of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (aspirin from 1-3 g, etc.)
Chronic renal failure may develop unnoticed at first, but it is irreversible. Therefore, an examination for chronic renal failure must be carried out if you have hypertension (high blood pressure), or if you have cardiovascular diseases, or if you suffer from diabetes or obesity. People over 60 years of age also need to be tested.
In case of renal failure, almost all medications that can prolong life in healthy people are contraindicated: diuretics, Magne B6, aspirin, melatonin, vitamin D, metformin, doxycycline, mebendazole, piracetam.
Among the drugs that prolong the life of patients with chronic renal failure, either drugs from the ACE inhibitor group or sartans can be used. You can also use courses of enterosorbents (activated carbon, etc.) But these drugs cannot be used for self-medication. Taking any medications without a doctor's prescription is dangerous to your health!!!

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What medications to prolong life are dangerous for chronic renal failure?

In case of renal failure, almost all medications that can prolong the life of animals or healthy people are contraindicated: diuretics, Magne B6, aspirin, melatonin, vitamin D, metformin, doxycycline, mebendazole, piracetam. Attention!!!

This does not mean that these drugs are harmful to the kidneys. On the contrary, aspirin (in low doses), melatonin, vitamin D, metformin, etc. even protect the kidneys from certain diseases. They cannot be used if you already have chronic renal failure.

But we remember that the material in this article is intended for informational purposes and cannot be used for self-medication. Taking any medications without a doctor's prescription is dangerous to your health!!!