TOPIC 6. MEDICAL REHABILITATION OF PATIENTS WITH KIDNEY DISEASES

Types of diseases and methods of treatment of the bladder

Have you been trying to cure your KIDNEYS for many years?

Head of the Institute of Nephrology: “You will be amazed at how easy it is to heal your kidneys just by taking it every day...

How is inflammation treated?

Cystitis, according to official statistics, occurs in every fourth inhabitant of our planet, regardless of his age, gender and social status in society. This infectious process easily develops in patients suffering from chronic diseases of internal organs, with weakened immunity, or who do not adhere to basic rules of personal hygiene. The occurrence of inflammation is accompanied by general hypothermia, living in conditions with a humid and cold climate, the presence of chronic foci of infection in the body, and frequent stress.

Cystitis should be treated immediately, immediately after the first signs of the disease appear. Otherwise, if the disease is neglected, it will eventually transform into a chronic form of the course, which is difficult to treat and leads to the development of destruction of the mucous membrane of the organ. Complex treatment of the disease includes the prescription of a number of medications, including:

broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs that are excreted by the kidneys;
uroseptics;
antispasmodics and painkillers;
anti-inflammatory drug forms;
vitamin complexes;
immunomodulators.

In addition to drug therapy, patients are prescribed a diet with limited salt, proteins, fatty and fried foods, as well as physiotherapeutic procedures. In modern clinics, patients are offered treatment for cystitis using laser coagulation, which is an absolutely painless and low-traumatic method of eliminating pathological changes. Laser therapy begins to produce positive results within two days after application and has a shortened recovery period.

Modern approaches to the treatment of urolithiasis

Urolithiasis most often occurs in people who have one or more predisposing factors:

genetically based metabolic disorder in the body;
severe hepatobiliary dysfunction;
congenital defects of the distal urinary tract, which contribute to congestion;
drinking small amounts of fluid over a period of time in combination with heavy physical labor;
addiction to salty, fatty, fried foods, smoked foods, spicy dishes.

The presence of stones or sand in the bladder may be indicated by pain that occurs during urination, a change in the position of the crown, a feeling of heaviness in the lower abdominal cavity, blood in the urine, pain, poor health, and dysuria. Treatment of MP in this case is aimed at dissolving and gently removing stones from the urine-collecting organ. In many ways, rapid recovery is facilitated by a diet prescribed by a nutritionist, taking into account the composition of the stones, their number, size and the risk of blockage of the urinary tract.

Drug correction of the pathological condition comes down to prescribing diuretics, uroseptics, and drugs that dissolve stones and sand to patients. A mandatory part of such treatment is stone crushing tactics and subsequent removal of crushed stones. In addition, if therapeutic methods are ineffective, a sick person may be offered surgical treatment to remove inclusions by opening the bladder through the anterior abdominal wall.

Tumors and their treatment

The growth of tumors, regardless of their malignancy, occurs against the background of bleeding and pain in the organ area. Benign formations that affect the walls of the urine-storing organ occur much more often than atypical ones. Such structures include papillomas, polypous growths, hemangiomas and adenomas. The treatment tactics for such tumors depend on the manifestations, aggressiveness, location in relation to the lumen of the urethral opening, size and degree of risk of their degeneration into cancer. As a rule, in most clinical cases, formations are removed during cystoscopy, less often with the help of radical surgical interventions.

Bladder cancer is an aggressive cancer that progresses rapidly, spreading metastases to the spine, lungs and brain. In the early stages of determining neoplastic growth, the patient is offered radical surgery to remove the bladder and regional lymph nodes, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Advanced variants of cancer are practically not operable due to the high risk of patient mortality on the operating table.

How to cure MP hyperactivity?

An overactive bladder is manifested by a strong urge to go to the toilet, which may result in premature release of urine. Moreover, the frequency of such episodes increases as the pathological process progresses, which significantly burdens a person’s life, depriving him of the opportunity to lead a full and rich life.

Doctors recommend the following treatment regimen for such patients:

use of drugs from the group of antidepressants, antispasmodics, anticholinergic drugs;
performing a set of special exercises that eliminate hyperactivity;
correction of diet and normalization of sleep patterns.

In addition, such patients may additionally be prescribed physical therapy, taking into account the degree of activity of the urinary collecting organ, the person’s age and the presence of concomitant ailments. If conservative therapy fails, doctors offer the patient surgical correction of the defect.

Protrusion of the lumen and its correction

A protrusion of the lumen or diverticulum of the bladder is the formation of a small sac from a section of an organ in which fluid accumulates. This pathology can represent a primary disease, and also be a manifestation of such ailments as tumors, advanced cystitis, prostatitis, and urolithiasis.

At the initial stages of development, the pathology is practically asymptomatic, which complicates its timely detection. The only sign that can prompt a person to think about the presence of a bladder diverticulum in his body is an increased urge to urinate, after which there is a feeling of an incompletely emptied organ. Pain in this case is rare, and bleeding is a manifestation of concomitant ailments leading to the development of protrusion.

Drug therapy for diverticulosis is a set of measures aimed at eliminating the symptoms of the disease. It is also an important part of the patient’s preoperative preparation for surgery, which aims to get rid of the protrusion of the wall of the organ that accumulates and secretes urine. Surgery is the only effective way to get rid of diverticula. With its help, it is possible to remove the pathological protrusion by ligating and cutting off the stretched part of the bladder wall, which helps prevent its further increase and possible perforation.

Features of treatment at home

The folk way to cleanse the kidneys! Our grandmothers were treated using this recipe...

Cleaning your kidneys is easy! You need to add it during meals...

Experts do not deny the effectiveness of alternative treatment for bladder diseases. Naturally, you should not prescribe this or that medicine on your own, without first diagnosing the disease and assessing the risks of developing complications from such therapy. Therefore, before using any folk remedy, you should consult a doctor.

A time-tested remedy for treating inflammatory processes in the bladder is the famous herb spurge, with which you can achieve immediate results and already feel much better on the second day from the start of therapy. It is recommended to consume a decoction of milkweed several times a day, replacing regular tea. To prepare the product, steam 6-7 tablespoons of dry raw materials in a liter of boiling water and let the resulting mixture steep until it cools.

Tea made from corn silk with the addition of cherry twigs perfectly eliminates the symptoms of cystitis. This product is not only pleasant to drink, but also brings many benefits to the human body. Thanks to the increased concentrations of tanning compounds and vitamin complexes, a corn-based decoction quickly heals the bladder from inflammation, helps strengthen the sphincter and regenerate damaged cells of the mucous layer.

Women whose cystitis occurs as a result of a mixed infection of the genital and urinary tract or is a consequence of surgery are recommended to use tampons with Vishnevsky ointment for two weeks, after which they need to take a month's break. If necessary, the course of such therapy can be repeated.

How to protect yourself from MP ailments?

It is always much easier to protect yourself from diseases than to get rid of them later. Naturally, there is no specific prevention of diseases of the urinary collecting organ. But modern medicine places emphasis on precautionary measures, observing which each person significantly reduces the risk of developing genitourinary diseases. Among these preventive measures, the following should be highlighted:

refusal to drink alcoholic beverages and smoke;
wearing underwear made from natural fabrics that do not create a greenhouse effect and do not contribute to the proliferation of microorganisms;
timely detection and treatment of genital infections;
compliance with personal hygiene rules using detergents with hypoallergenic properties;
sanitization of infectious loci in the body;
regular preventive examinations with a urologist.

Bladder pathologies are a serious problem that can only be eliminated with the help of modern treatment methods. Self-therapy in this case will not only not eliminate the pathological process, but will also lead to its complications, causing a series of serious consequences for human health. That is why, when the first signs of bladder problems appear, you should contact a specialist. Common folk treatment, of course, also has a right to exist. It should be used as an auxiliary therapy, after agreeing on the regimen with the attending physician.

Phases of chronic renal failure

Latent stage

The latent stage most often occurs without severe symptoms. That is why renal pathology at this stage can only be detected after a thorough examination.

Compensated stage

At this phase of the pathological process, patients complain of unmotivated fatigue without physical activity and severe thirst. At the same time, the volume of urinary secretion increases, and its relative density, on the contrary, decreases. TAM indicates an increase in creatinine and urea.

Intermittent stage

During this period, the nature of clinical manifestations becomes most pronounced, as evidenced by a wave-like change in the patient’s condition. In addition, there is a significant decrease in glomerular filtration, acidosis and an increase in creatinine.

Terminal stage

The final stage is divided into the following stages:
I.

Daily diuresis was reduced to 1.0 liters, and glomerular filtration to 10-14 ml/minute.

IIa.

Daily diuresis is reduced to 0.5 liters. Sodium and calcium levels increase in the blood. Edema syndrome increases and acidosis decompensates.

IIb.

The clinical picture becomes more pronounced. This is evidenced by the failure of cardiac activity, the phenomenon of stagnation in the liver and lungs.

III.

Intoxication syndrome is observed against the background of uremia. The levels of potassium and magnesium in the blood increase, and sodium and chlorine levels, on the contrary, decrease. Against the background of metabolic changes, heart failure progresses. In this case, degenerative processes in the liver and polyserositis are observed.

urinary system

28.09.2018

The synthesis of urine and the process of excreting it from our body constitute the main functional task of the urinary system. The organs of the urinary system are divided according to the principle of urinary and urinary. The urinary organ is the kidney , and the urinary organ is the bladder , renal pelvis and urinary tract, including the urethra . It is worth noting that the urinary tract is closely related to the structure of the reproductive system of our body. Within three minutes all the blood circulating in our body kidneys , which are normally a paired organ that includes the left and right kidneys The small canals and choroid plexuses in the kidneys are called nephrons.

Kidney nephrosis is capable of filtering up to one hundred milliliters of urine per minute. This, of course, is an exorbitant amount, so the filtration process occurs only when necessary and directly depends on the volume of liquid consumed.

In addition to excreting urine , nephrons cleanse the blood of waste metabolic products. Primary urine undergoes additional filtration in the tubules, and some of the elements from its composition are absorbed back into the blood , thus forming the final product of urination. The ureter of our body is a hollow muscular organ that connects the renal pelvis and bladder . Delivery of urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder is carried out through muscle contractions of the ureter . The bladder , like the ureter , is a hollow muscular organ, resembling a bag, which, as it fills, causes a person to urinate . It is worth noting that the urge to urinate , as well as their frequency, may depend on diet, ambient temperature and a number of diseases progressing in the body. There is an average rate of urination per day, which can range from four to eight times and directly depends on the amount of fluid drunk.

The kidneys of our body play a huge role in maintaining homeostasis, controlling the quantitative and qualitative composition of the fluid. An interesting feature of the kidneys is the ability to destroy hormones and, thus, a unique process of blood . Proper functioning of the kidneys helps ensure constant somatic fluid pressure in the body.

Among the main signs of disorders of the urinary system of the human body, the most characteristic are:

frequent urination , sometimes accompanied by pain;
blood in the urine ;
increased blood pressure, which is quite problematic to reduce with antihypertensive drugs;
urinary retention ;
severe pain in the lower abdomen .

Diseases of the urinary system can be either congenital or acquired. Congenital anomalies often lead to the development of diseases with catastrophic consequences. Acquired forms of development of pathological disorders are, as a rule, a consequence of inflammatory processes of an infectious nature or trauma. A serious complication of a number of diseases in terms of its consequences is the development of renal failure against their background, accompanied by an acid-base imbalance, an excessive content of nitrogenous waste in the blood and a violation of water-electrolyte metabolism.

The most informative diagnostic study in determining diseases of the urinary system, which is carried out in our Center, is radiographic diagnostics, in some cases supplemented by the introduction of a contrast agent.

Therapy of diseases of the urinary system

Therapy of the urinary system directly depends on the nature and course of the pathological process. Treatment is usually carried out in a hospital setting. The combination of medications used in the treatment of the urinary system is selected strictly on an individual basis. Modern technologies make it possible to use an “artificial kidney” device in the process of severe forms of disease, as well as to perform a donor kidney .

One of the main goals of therapy is to cure diseases against which pathologies of the urinary system have developed. As preventive measures, I would like to recommend timely treatment of infectious diseases, prevention of chronic forms of development of cardiovascular pathologies and compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards and rules.

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SWELLING

Renal edema must be differentiated from edema due to heart failure, disorders of venous or lymphatic drainage, as well as from edema of allergic origin.

Renal edema is soft, dough-like, symmetrical, easily displaced. Therefore, it is necessary to check for the presence of edema in the sacral area in a bed patient.

More dense swelling , usually localized on the legs and feet, is more characteristic of heart disease, especially in combination with rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, and enlarged liver.

Isolated swelling of the upper extremities is characteristic of allergic reactions. Isolated swelling under the eyes may be of renal origin, but may also be associated with the anatomical structure of the subcutaneous tissue.