Carbonatapatite causes of formation diet and treatment. Carbonate apatite in the kidneys causes. How to organize proper nutrition

Urolithiasis can occur in almost any inhabitant of the Earth. But as soon as the doctor announces the diagnosis, most patients see an operating table, surgeons, and long rehabilitation before their eyes. Is it possible to cure urolithiasis without surgery? What types of stones respond best to therapy?

The problem of the occurrence and metaphylaxis of urolithiasis is being considered by several scientific institutes, new medications and methods for extracting stones are appearing.

Relevance of the ICD problem

Every three years, the incidence of urolithiasis increases by about 5%, for example, in the period from 2007 to 2010. Studies over the past few decades have shown that urolithiasis in most cases is accompanied by impaired acid-forming kidney function and high urine density.

KSD occurs due to an unbalanced diet, genetic predisposition, infections and many other reasons. Patients with this disease should constantly adhere to a correct lifestyle and undergo regular tests.

Measures for general metaphylaxis of ICD

For those who already suffer from urolithiasis, regardless of whether an operation has already been performed or it was possible to dissolve the stones with medication and remove them naturally, mandatory metaphylaxis is required to prevent the re-formation of stones:

• The patient must switch to a balanced diet for the rest of his life, which should be selected by a specialist after a thorough examination of the stones. Depending on the type of stone, more protein or vegetables will be recommended. Suitable vitamin complexes are selected for all groups of patients. It is also important to maintain the correct drinking regime, consuming at least 2.5–3 liters of clean water per day.
• A person suffering from ICD needs to maintain the correct weight; the body mass index should not exceed 25. In addition, to prevent new stones from appearing, you need to move more.

After the passage or removal of a stone, any patient is sent for an examination, which will analyze the composition of the stone, give an understanding of the possibility of reappearance of stones and the need for drug therapy after surgery.

The classification of kidney stones is determined by the cause of the stones: they can be infectious, non-infectious, genetic or medicinal

Authorized Products

Vegetables are the basis of nutrition for achalasia cardia. The diet
should be composed of those products that are allowed for consumption, but in order for the diet for achalasia cardia of the esophagus to be effective, you need to use as many different dishes on the menu as possible. This will allow the body to receive all the necessary substances, which will have a beneficial effect on its condition.

Classification of stones

Stones removed from the kidneys come in different types, colors, and sizes. Depending on the causes of formation, stones are divided into:

1. Non-infectious stones

• Calcium oxalates
  . This is the most common type of kidney stones. First, calcium oxalates are found in crystalline form in the urine. Doctors attribute this to a violation of oxalic acid metabolism, constant stress and insufficient water consumption. Transforming into kidney stones, calcium oxalates, if natural removal of stones is not possible, require surgical removal (in the presence of large stones/staghorn stones) or remote crushing. Treatment of inflammatory complications of kidney stones is carried out with the help of vitamins, antispasmodics and antibiotics. Surgeries are required in the presence of oxalate stones, if their size exceeds 1.5 cm. In other cases, they resort to remote crushing or drug therapy.
• Calcium phosphates
  . Phosphates are divided into two types; only brushite is non-infectious. It appears in the kidneys when there is a high concentration of calcium and phosphates in the urine. Calcium phosphate stones grow quite quickly, but due to the predominance of alkalis in the composition, they are easily crushed and dissolved. Most often, phosphate stones are removed with the help of properly selected therapy and diet. If the disease is advanced or can lead to complications, then the formations are removed by crushing. If the cause of stone formation is an infection, then antibacterial treatment is first carried out.
• Uric acid
  . Such stones form when the urine pH is low and the content of uric acid and blood in the urine is high. Most often, those who suffer from uric acid stones consume a lot of protein, suffer from impaired production of ammonium excretion and even simple diarrhea. Another reason for the formation of such stones is the high acidity of urine. Uric acid stones are removed surgically in less than 5% of cases. Most often, drug treatment is sufficient to dissolve the stones and remove them naturally. Patients with this type of urolithiasis must adhere to a strict diet until the problem is completely eliminated.

Medicinal kidney stones

Such stones are formed as a result of improper medication use, excessive doses, and non-compliance with the drinking regime. The following main active substances that cause stone formation are identified: ephedrine, indinavir, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, magnesium trisilicate, sulfonamide, triamterene.

Medicines containing these active substances should be taken with extreme caution and only as prescribed by a doctor. There are medications that change the composition of urine, which leads to the formation of stones. These are acetazolamide, allopurinol, ascorbic acid, calcium, furosemide, laxatives, methoxyflurane, vitamin D.

This type of stone is treated primarily by stopping the inappropriate medications. Depending on the type of stone formed, specialists will later prescribe the necessary therapy or surgical removal.

When the first symptoms of urolithiasis appear, consult a doctor as soon as possible. Correct diagnosis and timely treatment will help maintain health for many years.

Urologists in Germany carried out more than 31,000 analyzes to classify the various processes of kidney stone formation so completely for the first time. This will help not only to understand their causes, but also to carry out individual treatment. In 2-4% of people, stones form in the kidneys from constituents of urine. In half of the patients this happens only once in their life, while in the rest the process occurs constantly. Sometimes severe clinical forms of the disease occur with frequent relapses, leading to inhibition of the functions of one or both kidneys. In especially severe cases, the renal structure is completely destroyed, and the patient’s life can only be saved by resorting to permanent hemodialysis (artificial kidney) or kidney transplantation. To successfully treat the disease at a stage when complex surgery is not needed, it is necessary to know exactly the structure of the stones and the causes of their occurrence.

Wewellite and carbonate apatite in the kidneys. Determination of the composition of urinary stones

The only direct and 100% reliable way to determine the composition of urinary stones is a chemical analysis of the passed urinary calculus (or its fragments). This is why it is so important, after an attack of renal colic or undergoing a procedure for crushing stones, to urinate in a transparent jar and carefully check the excreted urine for the presence of solid inclusions (they can be very small, in the form of sand). In case it is impossible to carry out a chemical analysis (for example, the stone is located in the kidney, or it was not possible to catch it), indirect signs are used that make it possible to judge with greater or less certainty the composition of urinary stones. These signs include:

• changes in the biochemical blood test (increased levels of calcium, phosphorus, uric acid);
• changes in general urine analysis (presence of salts in sediment);
• changes in daily biochemical urine analysis (increased excretion of calcium, phosphorus, uric acid, oxalates)

In addition, X-ray examination can provide important information on the composition of kidney stones. Stones containing calcium (such as oxalates and phosphates) are clearly visible on X-rays, while urate stones (which do not contain calcium) do not block X-rays and therefore are not visible on X-rays (so-called X-ray negative stones). , in most cases, the doctor is able to determine the chemical composition of the stones, which is crucial both in selecting the optimal treatment and in preventing the re-formation of stones (see).

Diet for oxalate stones (oxalates)

Limit:

foods rich in oxalic and ascorbic acid, as well as calcium - sorrel, spinach, beets, potatoes, cottage cheese and cheese, beans, figs, parsley, plums, gooseberries, strawberries, citrus fruits, strong tea, coffee, cocoa, chocolate.

Recommended:

oatmeal, buckwheat, millet porridge, nuts, carrots, apples, pears, quinces, grapes, white and black bread; butter and vegetable oil, boiled meat, poultry and fish, cauliflower and white cabbage, green peas, turnips, cucumbers, apricots, peaches; alkaline mineral waters, kombucha.

Sample menu

From permitted products, you can create a complete diet.
Each patient, together with the doctor, can create a suitable menu for themselves for several days and alternate dietary products in such a scheme as they wish. In general, the recommended diet is as follows:

1. Breakfast - pureed semi-liquid millet porridge, boiled in water, a hard-boiled egg, a glass of green tea with a few crackers.
2. Second breakfast - fresh salad of cucumbers and tomatoes, seasoned with sunflower or linseed oil.
3. Lunch – vegetable soup with croutons, buckwheat porridge with boiled chicken, a glass of rosehip broth and several dried fruits.
4. Afternoon snack – carrot soufflé.
5. Dinner – cottage cheese, seaweed salad, a glass of jelly.

Diet for urate stones (urates)

Limit:

concentrated meat and fish broths, offal, sorrel, spinach, peas, beans, beans, red wine, beer, pickles, smoked meats, marinades, coffee, cocoa, chocolate.

Recommended:

tea with lemon, citrus juice in between meals (prevents the formation of urates); eat meat, fish and poultry only in boiled form, no more than three times a week; milk and all dairy dishes, eggs, rice and oatmeal, vegetables, fruits, day-old bread, black and red caviar, honey, marmalade, marshmallows, walnuts.

Prohibited Products

Fast food can aggravate the disease of achalasia cardia.
The patient should immediately understand that following a diet is extremely important for recovery. After eliminating the pathology, you can return to your usual diet, but during therapy it is forbidden to consume harmful foods, and in any quantity. This primarily applies to foods that cause difficulty swallowing.

A patient with achalasia cardia should not eat the following foods:

• canned food;
• kefir and milk;
• apples, citrus fruits, peaches, persimmons, grapes;
• sauces;
• legumes;
• mushrooms;
• chocolate;
• fresh bread;
• cabbage, potatoes;
• corn;
• rice, semolina;
• walnuts;
• meat, fish and mushroom soups.

You should not eat fried, smoked, hot or spicy foods; any marinades and pickles are also prohibited. As for drinks, you should exclude alcoholic and carbonated drinks, as well as coffee and strong black tea. It is also unacceptable to drink juices from prohibited fruits.

Diet for phosphate stones (phosphates)

Limit:

foods rich in calcium: milk and dairy products, including yogurt, cheese, feta cheese; spices, sauces, savory snacks and seasonings.

Recommended:

meat and fish in all types, including mild fish snacks, soaked herring; weak tea and coffee without milk, bread, eggs and egg dishes (1 - 2 times a week), butter and vegetable oil; peas, pumpkin, Brussels sprouts, red currants, sour apples.

The general law for all patients with urolithiasis, regardless of the type of stones, is to drink plenty of fluids . Drink at least 1.5-2.0 liters of fluid per day (including tea and soups). The urine should be “like water”, because with a low concentration of salts, they will not fall out in the form of crystals and lead to the formation of stones!

However, there are often cases when the exact composition of the stones cannot be determined (for example, it was not possible to catch a loose stone, the examination did not reveal biochemical abnormalities). In such cases, it remains to adhere to general recommendations, of which the main one is drinking plenty of fluids. The diet should be varied, balanced, with enough vegetables and fruits. Avoid coffee and chocolate. And do not forget to periodically monitor the condition of your kidneys using ultrasound and urine tests.

Basic principles of the diet

Snacking on the go with achalasia cardia is unacceptable.
Achalasia cardia can progress, leading to not the most pleasant consequences, for example, inflammation of the esophageal wall. To protect yourself from complications and alleviate the condition, the patient must follow the recommendations of the attending physician on proper nutrition. In this case, we are talking not only about specific foods that can or cannot be consumed, but also about the rules of eating themselves.

• Firstly, food must be chewed thoroughly, since small pieces will pass from the esophagus into the stomach much more easily. At the same time, you should not be distracted or rush while eating. It is best to drink liquid with your meals as this will put extra pressure on the esophageal sphincter, allowing it to relax.
• Secondly, you need to eat frequently (4-5 times a day) in small portions. Overeating will cause food particles to accumulate in the esophagus, making the situation worse. At the same time, foods should not be irritating, namely too hot or cold, since this also negatively affects the digestion process.
• Thirdly, after eating, you should not do physical activity for some time, especially bending your body. You should also not lie down, as this position will obstruct the passage of food into the stomach. As for sleep, during it the head should be slightly elevated above the level of the body, which will allow food to pass freely through the esophagus without accumulating. To do this, it will be enough to place another pillow under the main one.